Alteration of medieval stained glass windows in atmospheric medium: review and simplified alteration model

Verney-Carron, Aurélie; Sessegolo, Loryelle; Chabas, Anne; Lombardo, Tiziana; Rossano, Stéphanie; Pérez, Anne; Valbi, Valentina; Boutillez, Chloé; Muller, Camille; Vaulot, Cyril; Trichereau, Barbara; Loisel, Catherine

doi:10.1038/s41529-023-00367-0

Cited by 2 publications

References 144 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Insights into long-term glass corrosion mechanisms from the Ballidon project: a 50-year-old glass burial experiment in an alkaline near surface environment.

Thorpe,

Fisher,

Manifold

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Results are presented from the Ballidon experiment, one of the longest running glass durability experiments. Nine glasses of varying composition including simulant Roman and medieval glasses, as well as borosilicate, plate glass, soda-lime-silica, E-glass and a lead optical glass were buried in mildly alkaline and under-saturated conditions for 50 years. The relative durability of the nine glasses compared well with that predicted by the stirred reactor coupon analysis (SRCA) short-term durability test with alteration layers present on the least durable glasses and only localised (vermiform) attack observable on the most durable glasses. Alteration layers on the naturally altered Ballidon samples were analysed with particular attention to the influence of elements from the environment on their chemical composition and to evidence of post-formation evolution of the layers. It was evident that Ca (from the limestone sediment) and P (from the local groundwater) were sequestered in alteration layers and contributed to the formation of Ca, Pb and Fe-phosphate rich phases. Separation of the alteration layers into ‘bands’ or lamellae with different chemical environments occurred in poorly durable glasses, with Si and Al rich bands alternating with Ca, Fe and P rich bands. There was evidence that banding in alteration layers moved and evolved over time in response to water ingress, for example from cracks and fissures.

show abstract

Insights into long-term glass corrosion mechanisms from the Ballidon project: a 50-year-old glass burial experiment in an alkaline near surface environment.

Thorpe,

Fisher,

Manifold

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Modelling the Alteration of Medieval Stained Glass as a Function of Climate and Pollution: Comparison between Different Methodologies

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most stained-glass windows installed during the Middle Ages have deteriorated over time due to climate and pollution. To reconstruct their alteration history over the centuries, evaluate the current environmental risk, and predict their alteration in the future, two modelling methodologies have been used. First, based on the short-term exposure of medieval-type glass in different sites, dose–response functions (DRFs) were established. These DRFs correlate relevant environmental factors (temperature, rain quantity, rain pH, relative humidity, and SO2 concentration) with the response of the material in terms of alteration layer thickness. The second methodology consists of laboratory experiments that aim at parametrising kinetic laws as a function of specific parameters (temperature, rain pH, and relative humidity). These kinetic laws can be extrapolated over long periods, contrary to DRFs. In this study, we compared both methodologies to simulate the alteration of a model stained glass at different European sites or over different time periods. The results highlighted that the kinetic laws were able to closely represent the data, except for the polluted sites where the alteration was underestimated. This indicated that the dependence of the alteration rate on the pollutant concentrations should be included to improve the model.

show abstract

Alteration of medieval stained glass windows in atmospheric medium: review and simplified alteration model

Cited by 2 publications

References 144 publications

Insights into long-term glass corrosion mechanisms from the Ballidon project: a 50-year-old glass burial experiment in an alkaline near surface environment.

Insights into long-term glass corrosion mechanisms from the Ballidon project: a 50-year-old glass burial experiment in an alkaline near surface environment.

Modelling the Alteration of Medieval Stained Glass as a Function of Climate and Pollution: Comparison between Different Methodologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About