Alteration of Intestinal Microbiota in 3-Deoxyglucosone-Induced Prediabetic Rats

Abstract

Our previous research suggests that 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), formed in the caramelization course and Maillard reactions in food, is an independent factor for the development of prediabetes. Since the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and intestinal microbiota is moving from correlation to causality, we investigated the alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in 3DG-induced prediabetic rats. Rats were given 50 mg/kg 3DG by intragastric administration for two weeks. Microbial profiling in faeces samples was determined through the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in plasma and intestinal tissues were measured by ELISA and Limulus test, respectively. 3DG treatment did not significantly change the richness and evenness but affected the composition of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, 3DG treatment increased the abundance of nondominant bacteria Proteobacteria but did not cause the change of the dominant bacteria. Meanwhile, the abundance of the Prevotellaceae family and Parasutterela genus and the Alcaligencaeae family and Burkholderiales order and its attachment to the Betaproteobacteria class were overrepresented in the 3DG group. The bacteria of Candidatus Soleaferrea genus, Gelria genus, and Thermoanaerobacteraceae family and its attachment to Thermoanaerobacterales order were apparently more abundant in the control group. In addition, 45 KEGG pathways were altered after two-week intragastric administration of 3DG. Among these KEGG pathways, 13 KEGG pathways were involved in host metabolic function related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Moreover, the increased LPS levels and the decreased GLP-2 concentration in plasma and intestinal tissues were observed in 3DG-treated rats, together with the impaired fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance. The alterations in composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were observed in 3DG-treated rats, which provides a possible mechanism linking exogenous 3DG intake to the development of prediabetes.

Regulatory Effect of Mung Bean Peptide on Prediabetic Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet

“…As shown in Figure 7B , after dietary intervention with MBPs, changes in gene expression affected several pathways, specifically, the pyruvate fermentation to acetone pathway, succinate fermentation to butanoate pathway, acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II pathway, adenosine nucleotide degradation II pathway, guanosine nucleotide degradation III pathway, purine nucleotide degradation I (anaerobic) pathway, and purine nucleotide degradation II (aerobic) pathway. Cai et al found that the metabolic function of HFD-induced diabetic mice was inhibited and the function of amino acid metabolism was decreased ( 34 ). This finding is consistent with the results of the present study.…”

Gut microbiome markers in subgroups of HLA class II genotyped infants signal future celiac disease in the general population: ABIS study

“…Of the differentially abundant microbes, Candidatus Soleaferrea stands out for being absent in fCD infants but present in approximately 20% of the control cohorts. There is evidence that Candidatus Soleaferrea , which was absent in fCD infants, has anti-inflammatory properties, but this genus has also been correlated with several autoimmune diseases including CD ( Cai et al., 2020 ; Cao et al., 2021 ; Zou et al., 2022 ). Within each genus, species are diverse and have a range of metabolic features, which can have various consequences on host physiology.…”

Genetic correlations between gut microbiota genera and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Within the limitations of their study, the authors claimed that the gut microbiota may mediate the influence of periodontitis on prediabetes (57). On the other hand, studies found that Candidatus Soleaferrea tends to have a higher abundance in controls as compared to a rat prediabetic condition (58). Interestingly, the study found that colon Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) was positively correlated with an abundance of Candidatus Soleaferrea (58).…”

“…On the other hand, studies found that Candidatus Soleaferrea tends to have a higher abundance in controls as compared to a rat prediabetic condition (58). Interestingly, the study found that colon Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) was positively correlated with an abundance of Candidatus Soleaferrea (58). GLP-2, secreted from the metabolites (e.g., SCFA) of gut microbiota, is typically considered a trophic hormone involved in maintaining intestinal epithelial morphology and function.…”