Alteration of <i>PTGS2</i> Promoter Methylation in Chronic Periodontitis

Zhang, S.; Barros, Silvana P.; Niculescu, Mihai D.; Moretti, Antonio; Preisser, John S.; Offenbacher, Steven

doi:10.1177/0022034509356512

Cited by 90 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The levels of prostaglandin E and the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) increase in progressing periodontal lesions, but decrease in chronic disease. It was reported that expression of the PTGS2 gene decreases in chronic periodontitis due to promoter hypermethylation (Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Epigenetics In Human Diseases and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Inflammation

2010

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Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in gene expression following environmental stimuli. Major epigenetic events include methylation and acetylation of histones and regulatory factors, DNA methylation, and small non-coding RNAs. Diet, pollution, infections, and other environmental factors have profound effects on epigenetic modifications and trigger susceptibility to diseases. Despite a growing body of literature addressing the role of the environment on gene expression, very little is known about the epigenetic pathways involved in the modulation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about epigenetic control mechanisms during the inflammatory response.

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Section: Epigenetics In Human Diseases and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Inflammation

2010

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“…Several authors have investigated the role of epigenetics in chronic or aggressive periodontitis [36][37][38], and have demonstrated that the expression levels of cytokines and chemokines [39], toll-like receptors [40], protease-activated receptors [41], interleukin-8 [42], and cyclooxygenase-2 [37,38] could be affected by oral bacteria. A recent study documented that the presence of different oral bacteria resulted in a differential methylation profile in gingival epithelia [43], while another article demonstrated hypomethylated oral epithelia in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis [36].…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Epigenetics on Dental Implant Therapy: A Systematic Review

Gianfilippo¹,

Gianfilippo²,

Prato

2017

Epigenomes

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Cell phenotype is influenced by the linear sequence of bases and by epigenetic changes. Despite the huge number of implants placed every year, epigenetic mechanisms controlling peri-implant processes remain unexplored. The purpose of this systematic qualitative review was to investigate the available articles dealing with the relationships between DNA methylations, histone modifications, or micro-RNA (miRNA) production and implant therapy. A large variety of different surfaces were evaluated based on their osteogenic stimulation of osteoblasts. Dental implant treatments like potassium hydroxide (KOH) alkali-etching, electrolytic etching, ionization, functionalization with miRNAs or anti-miRNAs, or osteogenic peptides enhanced osteoblast differentiation and gene activation by regulating miRNA production. Zirconia and anatase coating inhibited the activation of osteogenic genes. Epigenetic changes on peri-implant cells induced by smoking still remain unclear. Due to the heterogeneity of methodologies, a meta-analysis was not possible. Even if it is impossible to define which implant surface was best to genetically stimulate osteogenesis, there is evidence that implant surface features can upregulate or downregulate genes related to osseointegration.

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“…[73] Cytokines such as IL6 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) were found to be overexpressed in inflamed tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. [70,74] Zhang et al reported that hypomethylation of the IFNγ promoter may lead to increased IFNγ transcription in chronic periodontitis, thus resulting in IFNγ overexpression. [70] In contrast, genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and cyclooxygenase-2 were hypermethylated at the CpG site which represses expression.…”

Section: Manifestation Of Epigenetic Mechanisms In Oral Diseases Perimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[70] In addition, it was found that chronic inflammation is related to altered DNA methylation levels.…”

Section: Manifestation Of Epigenetic Mechanisms In Oral Diseases Perimentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Juneius

2016

AJP

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Aim: To review the literature on the oral health status of the population, evidence-based understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, and its significant role in diseases occurring in the oral cavity. Background: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that does not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. In other words, it is a change in phenotype without a change in genotype, which in turn affects the way cells read genes. Epigenetic change is a regular and natural occurrence but can also be influenced by several factors including age, the environment/lifestyle, and disease state. The field of epigenetics is quickly growing, and it is believed that both the environment and lifestyle can interact with the genome to influence epigenetic change. These changes may be reflected at various stages throughout a person's life and even in later generations. Conclusion: Epigenetic codes help us understand the biological phenotype that arises from the interaction of the human genome with the environment in health and in disease. Epigenetics is a major turn away from molecular biology. Current epigenetics not only offers new insights into gene regulation and heredity, but also it challenges the way we think about evolution, genetics, and development. Most interestingly, it suggests testable mechanisms whereby environmental factors (ranging from stress to infection) can influence genetic expression.

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Alteration of PTGS2 Promoter Methylation in Chronic Periodontitis

Cited by 90 publications

References 21 publications

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Inflammation

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Inflammation

The Role of Epigenetics on Dental Implant Therapy: A Systematic Review

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