Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Patients With Schizophrenia Indicates Links Between Bacterial Tyrosine Biosynthesis and Cognitive Dysfunction

Thirion, Florence; Speyer, Helene; Hansen, Torben; Nielsen, Trine; Fan, Yong; Chatelier, Emmanuelle Le; Fromentin, Sébastien; Berland, Magali; Oñate, Florian Plaza; Pons, Nicolas; Galleron, Nathalie; Levenez, Florence; Markó, Lajos; Birkner, Till; Jørgensen, Torben; Forslund, Sofia K.; Vestergaard, Henrik; Hansen, Torben; Nordentoft, Merete; Mors, Ole; Benros, Michael E.; Pedersen, Oluf; Ehrlich, S. Dusko

doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.009

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Different species of bacteria exhibit varying degrees of affluence. It was discovered that Flavonifractor plautii, Collinsella aerofaciens, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Sellimonas intestinalis were significantly enriched, while Faecalibacterium significant because it provides, Micrococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Veillonella rogosa were significantly depleted [8]. The same decrease in Ruminococcaceae were also found in another research, accompanied with reduction of Oscillibacter, Enterorhabdus, Bautia, Lachnospiraceae [9].…”

Section: The Connection Between Schizophrenia and The Microbiota Of T...supporting

confidence: 68%

“…The tryptophan metabolism from kynurenine is increased in SCZ [5], [13]. Quinolinic acid is neurotoxic and is found enriched in SCZ [8], however, this trend is not shown in Marx's research [13].…”

Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[13]. The pathway is considered as a signal connection between peripheral immune activation and central neurotransmitter [8]. The tryptophan metabolism from kynurenine is increased in SCZ [5], [13].…”

Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: Recent research and treatment application

Yang¹,

Qi²

2023

HSET

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Schizophrenia (SZC) is a common, chronic, and severe mental illness. Recent years have witnessed increased study into the link between gut microbiome and psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Focusing on inflammatory, tryptophan compounds, and BDNF concentrations, we examine the data that currently exists linking intestinal microbiota to schizophrenia and explain how the presumptive dysregulation could fit into accepted theories of the disease's pathophysiology. We looked at recent research and assessed the therapeutic possibility of modifying the intestinal microbiota with prebiotics as adjuvant therapy for schizophrenia. Overall, although the available information on microbiome changes in schizophrenia is extremely erratic and inadequate to draw any firm conclusions. There were successful attempts that decreased the risk of SCZ by interfering with the intestinal microbiota. The gut microbiota is a possible approach to the treatment of schizophrenia.

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Section: The Connection Between Schizophrenia and The Microbiota Of T...supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 87%

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The relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: Recent research and treatment application

Yang¹,

Qi²

2023

HSET

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“…On the other hand, a deficiency in inhibitory signals from luminal bacteria impairs local Treg induction and function, promoting autoreactive T cells’ activation ( 166 ). Significant changes in the microbiota composition (including mycobiota and phageome) were found in the oropharynx and intestines of patients with schizophrenia compared to non-psychiatric controls ( 167 – 171 ). Moreover, microbiota dysregulation or dysbiosis has been associated with behavioral anomalies in rodent studies ( 172 ).…”

Section: Changes In the Immune System Organs Associated With Schizoph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives

et al. 2022

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The immune system is generally known to be the primary defense mechanism against pathogens. Any pathological conditions are reflected in anomalies in the immune system parameters. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this systematic review, we summarized the available evidence of abnormalities in the immune system in schizophrenia. We analyzed impairments in all immune system components and assessed the level of bias in the available evidence. It has been shown that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in all immune system components: from innate to adaptive immunity and from humoral to cellular immunity. Abnormalities in the immune organs have also been observed in schizophrenia. Evidence of increased C-reactive protein, dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, elevated levels of neutrophils and autoantibodies, and microbiota dysregulation in schizophrenia have the lowest risk of bias. Peripheral immune abnormalities contribute to neuroinflammation, which is associated with cognitive and neuroanatomical alterations and contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, signs of severe inflammation are observed in only about 1/3 of patients with schizophrenia. Immunological parameters may help identify subgroups of individuals with signs of inflammation who well respond to anti-inflammatory therapy. Our integrative approach also identified gaps in knowledge about immune abnormalities in schizophrenia, and new horizons for the research are proposed.

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“…Some of these species were previously reported as being associated with human disease related to both mental health and inflammatory disorders, conditions that have also been linked with emotional distress and dysregulation 38 . For example, C. bolteae has been found elevated in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders 39 , and S. intestinalis was found enriched in the gut microbiota of patients with schizophrenia 40 . S. parasanguinis is a dominant isolate of dental plaque and an opportunistic pathogen associated with subacute endocarditis 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut feelings: Associations of emotions and emotion regulation with the gut microbiome in women

Guimond

Tworoger

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Accumulating evidence suggests that positive and negative emotions, as well as emotion regulation processes, influence the onset and the progression of multiple human diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting these emotion-related factors with physical health are not fully understood. Recent work linking the gut microbiome with both mental and physical health suggests it may be a potential pathway. Yet, its association with emotions and emotion regulation are understudied. In this study, we examined whether positive and negative emotions, as well as two emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and suppression), were associated with the diversity, overall structure, and specific species/pathways of the gut microbiome in 206 healthy women. We found that the alpha diversity was negatively associated with suppression. Moreover, using multivariate analysis, we found that positive emotions were inversely associated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacterium CAG 94 and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, while negative emotions were directly related to relative abundance of these same species. Moreover, we found associations of emotions and emotion regulation with microbial metabolic pathways. For example, negative emotions were inversely related to biosynthesis of pantothenate, coenzyme A, and adenosine. Taken together, our findings offer human evidence supporting linkages of emotions and related regulatory processes with the gut microbiome. These findings highlight the critical importance of incorporating the human gut microbiome in our understanding of emotion-related factors and their associations with physical health.

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Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Patients With Schizophrenia Indicates Links Between Bacterial Tyrosine Biosynthesis and Cognitive Dysfunction

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

The relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: Recent research and treatment application

The relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: Recent research and treatment application

Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives

Gut feelings: Associations of emotions and emotion regulation with the gut microbiome in women

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