Alteration of antioxidant defense status precedes humoral immune response abnormalities in macrosomia

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether the anomalies affecting the antioxidant and humoral immune defenses could start at birth and to check whether the decrease in antioxidant defenses may precede the immune abnormalities in macrosomic newborns.Material/MethodsThirty macrosomic and 30 sex-matched control newborns were recruited for a retrospective case-control study at the Maghnia Maternity Hospital of Tlemcen Department (Algeria).ResultsThe serum IgG levels were similar in both groups. However, plasma ORAC, albumin, vitamin E, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were significantly decreased in macrosomic as compared to control newborns, yet no difference was observed after adjustment for weight. Additionally, serum concentrations of complement C3, MDA and XO were significantly higher in macrosomic as compared to controls before adjustment for weight. Moreover, macrosomia was significantly associated with high levels of complement C3 (OR=8, p=0.002); whereas no association with those of IgG was observed (OR<1, p>0.05). Furthermore, macrosomia was significantly associated with low levels of ORAC (OR=4.96, p=0.027), vitamin E (OR=4.5, p=0.018), SOD (OR=6.88, p=0.020) and CAT (OR=5.67, p=0.017), and with high levels of MDA (OR=10.29, p=0.005).ConclusionsAbnormalities of the humoral defense system in excessive weight could be preceded by alterations of the anti-oxidative defense and by inflammatory response and activation of innate immunity at birth. Additionally, excessive weight could be a potential factor contributing to decreased anti-oxidative capacity and increased oxidative stress.

The effect of maternal weight on neonatal cardiac functions following diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies

“…Increases in cardiac biomarkers such as cardiotrophin-1 (which has a hypertrophic effect on myoctyes and titin also shows impaired elastic and mechanical properties of myocardium) were found in the cord blood of LGA infants [ 17 ]. Furthermore, decreased anti-oxidative capacity and increased oxidative stress were found in macrosomic newborns [ 18 ].…”

Diet antioxidant capacity: Relationship to oxidative stress and health.

“…Oxidative stress and abnormalities in the oxidative defense system may occur in newborn infants. In a study of 30 macrosomic and 30 sexmatched control newborns, plasma ORAC, albumin, vitamin E, SOD, CAT and GPx levels were significantly decreased in macrosomic as compared to control newborns [14]. Excessive weight could be a potential factor contributing to decreased antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in newborns which may lead to abnormalities of the humoral immune defense systems [14].…”

Βιοχημικοί Δείκτες Καρδιακής Λειτουργίας Σε Μακροσωμικά Έμβρυα-Νεογνά

“…Επιπλέον, καρδιαγγειακές επιπλοκές όπως η υψηλή συστολική αρτηριακή πίεση οφειλόμενη στην ενδοθηλιακή δυσλειτουργία και η αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη μπορεί να εμφανιστούν αργότερα στη ζωή(98). Κοινός παθογενετικός μηχανισμός για τα παραπάνω είναι η υπερπαραγωγή ελεύθερων ριζών οξυγόνου και η ενεργοποίηση ανοσοποιητικών και φλεγμονωδών κυττάρων(98)(99). κατάσταση (106) και η CT-1 αυξάνει τόσο σε υποξία όσο και σε φλεγμονή(103), το παραπάνω αποτέλεσμα είναι εύκολο να ερμηνευθεί.Ωστόσο, οι αυξημένες συγκεντρώσεις CT-1 στην κυκλοφορία ισχύουν μόνο για LGA έμβρυα που εκτίθενται σε GDM, ενώ άλλες κοινές αιτίες μακροσωμίας δε φαίνεται του αίματος ομφαλίου λώρου και της μακροσωμίας του εμβρύου μπορεί να υποδηλώνει προδιάθεση για μεταγενέστερη καρδιαγγειακή παθολογία στις σοβαρές περιπτώσεις LGA νεογνών.…”