Alteration in the Mechanical Competence and Structural Properties in the Femoral Neck and Vertebrae of Ovariectomized Rats

Peng, Zhiqi; Tuukkanen, Juha; Zhang, Hongxue; Väänänen, H. Kalervo

doi:10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.4.616

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Cortical thickness was not affected by ovariectomy, which is in accord with observations made by Peng et al (1999). It is assumed that in ovariectomized rats, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate are increased compared with the rates in sham-operated rats, thus preventing a loss of cortical bone (Peng et al 1999).…”

Section: Methods: Animal Model Effect Of Ovariectomy Microradiograpsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The reason for the equivocal results of different experiments may be due to differences in study protocol, like strain and the age of rats (Kimmel, 1996), time post ovariectomy (Abe et al 1999), or skeletal site studied (Kimmel, 1996;Baldock et al 1999). Cortical thickness was not affected by ovariectomy, which is in accord with observations made by Peng et al (1999). It is assumed that in ovariectomized rats, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate are increased compared with the rates in sham-operated rats, thus preventing a loss of cortical bone (Peng et al 1999).…”

Section: Methods: Animal Model Effect Of Ovariectomy Microradiograpsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

Scholz-Ahrens¹,

Açil

Schrezenmeir³

2002

Br J Nutr

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We investigated the effects of dietary oligofructose and Ca on bone structure in ovariectomized rats, using microradiography and histomorphometry. Ninety-six animals were allocated to seven experimental groups: G1, sham-operated; G2-G7, ovariectomized. Semi-purified diets containing 5 g Ca/kg (recommended content) without oligofructose (G1, G2) or with 25, 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg (G3, G4, G5) or 10 g Ca/kg (high content) without oligofructose (G6) or with 50 g oligofructose/kg (G7) were fed for 16 weeks. At the recommended level of Ca, high oligofructose (G5) increased femur mineral levels in ovariectomized rats, while medium oligofructose did so at high Ca. Increasing Ca in the absence of oligofructose did not increase femur mineral content. Trabecular bone area (%) analysed in the tibia was 10·3 (SEM 1·2) (G1), 7·7 (SEM 0·6) (G2), 9·3 (SEM 0·7) (G3), 9·4 (SEM 1·0) (G4), 9·5 (SEM 0·7) (G5), 10·2 (SEM 0·8) (G6), and 12·6 (SEM 0·8) (G7). At the recommended level of Ca, 25 g oligofructose/kg prevented loss of trabecular area due to increased trabecular thickness, while 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg increased trabecular perimeter. At high Ca, oligofructose prevented loss of bone area due to increased trabecular number but similar thickness (G7 v. G6). When Ca was raised in the presence of oligofructose (G7), trabecular area and cortical thickness were highest, while loss of trabecular connectivity was lowest of all groups. At the same time, lumbar vertebra Ca was higher; 44·0 (SEM 0·8) (G7) compared with 41·6 (SEM 0·8) (G2), 41·4 (SEM 0·7) (G4), and 40·5 (SEM 1·0) mg (G6). We conclude that ovariectomy-induced loss of bone structure in the tibia was prevented but with different trabecular architecture, depending on whether dietary Ca was increased, oligofructose was incorporated, or both. Oligofructose was most effective when dietary Ca was high.Oligofructose: Calcium and phosphorus balance: Osteoporosis: Trabecular structure:Bone qualityCertain groups of carbohydrates are not digested by gastrointestinal enzymes but are fermented by the microbial flora in the large intestine (Roberfroid et al. 1998). Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO), including inulin, oligofructose and fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides, as well as lactulose, maltitol and resistant starch, were studied for their gastrointestinal effects. Several effects of NDO on the colonic milieu, composition of the microflora, production of microbial metabolites (Gibson et al. 1995) and mineral metabolism have been described (for reviews, see ScholzAhrens et al. 2001ScholzAhrens et al. , 2002. A potential for benefits to the host's health was postulated. In this regard, consensus was achieved that there is promising evidence for positive effects on mineral metabolism and thus a potential for prevention of osteoporosis (van Loo et al. 1999). Most of the scientific evidence for the effects of NDO is based on the results of experiments with rats, where these carbohydrates increase the availability of Ca (Delzenne et al.

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Section: Methods: Animal Model Effect Of Ovariectomy Microradiograpsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methods: Animal Model Effect Of Ovariectomy Microradiograpsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

Scholz-Ahrens¹,

Açil

Schrezenmeir³

2002

Br J Nutr

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“…These results support the former findings. [6][7][8]17) However, when measuring the maximal load of the femoral neck in rats, several researchers did not find differences between OVX rats and sham rats. 18,19) It is not clear yet if the reason for the possible discrepancy due to methodology or, for instance, differences in the sensitivities of assay and the species/strains or age of animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the femoral neck of OVX rats, is a more clinically relevant sample site than other skeletal sites (i.e., proximal tibia) for preclinical testing of new therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia. [6][7][8] The purpose of this study was to examine whether osthole has positive effects on bone loss due to OVX using the femoral neck of OVX rats; and, if so, whether osthole functions at the tissue level in a manner similar to 17b-estradiol. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Osthole on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Ovariectomized Rats; Comparison to the Effects of Estradiol.

Hara

Matsumiya

2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Osthole (7-methoxy-8[3-methylpent 2-enyl]coumarin), a plant coumarin compound, is extracted from a Chinese herb Cnidium monnieri (L.) CUSS which has been used since ancient times in China as a tonic and aphrodisiac. It was reported that castrated mouse received subcutaneous injections of an alcoholic extract of Cnidium monnieri (L.) CUSS once a day for 21 d, the copulation period appeared, 1) this suggests that this alcoholic extract (including osthole) may have the estrogen-related activities. It has also been found that both total coumarins and osthole, extracted from Cnidium monnieri (L.) CUSS, have the positive effects on bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats, 2,3) where cancellous bone histomorphometric variables in tibiae were preserved. However, even in animal experiments, little is known about the effects of osthole on other skeletal sites or other indices of bone metabolism such as biochemical markers of bone turnover, bone mechanical testing, etc.Ovariectomy induced bone loss in rats and postmenopausal bone loss in humans share many similar characteristics, and similar skeletal response to therapy with 17b-estradiol. 4,5) These similarities are strong evidence that the ovariectomized (OVX) rat bone loss model is suitable for studying the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal bone loss. Furthermore, the femoral neck of OVX rats, is a more clinically relevant sample site than other skeletal sites (i.e., proximal tibia) for preclinical testing of new therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia. [6][7][8] The purpose of this study was to examine whether osthole has positive effects on bone loss due to OVX using the femoral neck of OVX rats; and, if so, whether osthole functions at the tissue level in a manner similar to 17b-estradiol. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental Protocols Twenty-four 3-month-old virgin female Wistar rats (220Ϯ12 g, Charles River Inc. Tokyo, Japan) were used for the experiment. The animals were kept for 5 d before the onset of the experiment to acclimatize to our laboratory conditions (the room temperature was 25°C with a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle), then 18 rats were OVX and 6 rats were sham-operated under anesthesia with intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. After operation, rats were kept in separate cages and fed standard diet before being sacrificed. To prevent hyperphagia associated with ovariectomy, the OVX rats were pair-fed to the mean intake of those in the sham group.9) All rats were allowed free access to drinking ion-exchanged distilled water for the duration of the whole experiment.All rats were untreated for 2 weeks after surgery and divided into four groups (6 rats per group). The first group was sham-operated upon and received solvent vehicle (97% corn oil and 3% ethanol, 1.0 ml/kg). Groups 2 to 4 were OVX. Group 2 received solvent vehicle (same the sham rats), Group 3 received 17b-estradiol (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) 30 mg/kg and Group 4 received osthole (Wako Pure Chem...

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“…(22) Before mechanical testing, bones were slowly thawed at room temperature. The failure load of the femoral neck and the three-point bending strength of the tibial shaft were measured according to Peng et al (23,24) with a materials testing machine.…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Dietary Phosphate Intake Reduces Bone Strength in the Growing Rat Skeleton

Huttunen

Tillman

Viljakainen

et al. 2007

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Nutrition influences peak bone mass development in early adulthood. The effect of high dietary phosphate intake on the growing skeleton of 1-month-old male rats (n = 30) was assessed in an 8-week intervention. High dietary phosphate intake increased bone remodeling and impaired bone material properties, diminishing bone mechanical strength.Introduction: High dietary phosphate intake is typical in the Western diet. Abundant phosphate intake enhances parathyroid secretion and bone metabolism. To study the influence of high dietary phosphate intake on growing bone homeostasis and structure, we submitted growing rats to experimental diets that varied in their phosphate content. Materials and Methods: One-month-old intact male rats (n ‫ס‬ 30) were fed a control diet (Ca:P 1:1) or an experimental diet of either Ca:P 1:2 or Ca:P 1:3 for 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study period, the right femurs were measured using DXA. Double labeling with tetracycline injection was performed 12 and 2 days before death. After death, hind legs were cut loose. Left femurs were processed for histomorphometry. Right femurs were measured with pQCT. Mechanical testing was performed on the right femoral neck and tibial shaft. Six right tibias were analyzed with CT. Serum PTH, calcium, and phosphate contents were analyzed. Results: High-phosphate intake impaired growth of the animal, limited bone longitudinal growth, and restricted femur BMC and BMD build-up. Osteoclast number, osteoblast perimeter, and mineral apposition rate were increased, and trabecular area and width were decreased. Phosphate decreased femur midshaft total bone BMD, cortical bone BMD, and mean cortical thickness. High-phosphate diet reduced femoral neck and tibial shaft ultimate strength and tibia stiffness and toughness. In addition, serum PTH increased. Conclusions: High dietary phosphate intake reduced growth, skeletal material, and structural properties and decreased bone strength in growing male rats. Adequate calcium could not overcome this.

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Alteration in the Mechanical Competence and Structural Properties in the Femoral Neck and Vertebrae of Ovariectomized Rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

Effects of Osthole on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Ovariectomized Rats; Comparison to the Effects of Estradiol.

High Dietary Phosphate Intake Reduces Bone Strength in the Growing Rat Skeleton

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