Alt er relativt: ytelser til barnefamilier i norske asylmottak, 1989–2017

Abstract

SAMMENDRAG:Denne artikkelen tar for seg økonomiske rammer for barnefamilier i asylmottak i perioden 1989 til 2017. Det finnes ikke studier av langsiktige konsekvenser av fattigdom for barn og unge i asylmottak. Det meste som utføres av forskning på denne gruppa er finansiert av forvaltningen, og politiske behov for aktuell og tiltaksrettet kunnskap kan dermed overskygge nødvendigheten av å se langsiktige virkninger. En dokumentgjennomgang viser at i hele perioden har barn som har tilbragt viktige deler av sin oppvekst i asylmottak vaert fattige, med en reduksjon i kjøpekraften på 20 % fra 1989 til 2016. Endringer i ankomsttall og i politisk klima har i noen grad påvirket hvordan ytelsene til familiene deres har blitt regulert og begrunnet, i en balansegang mellom «nøkternt» og «forsvarlig», det vil si mellom innvandrings-og sosialpolitikk. Fra 2015, da satsene for ytelser til beboere i asylmottak ble redusert som en del av innstrammingene grunngitt med «flyktningkrisen», skjedde det noe nytt med begrunnelsene. Balansen mellom forsvarlighet og nøkternhet framsto nå for første gang som irrelevant. Det eneste eksplisitte sammenligningsgrunnlag ble tilbud til beboere i asylmottak i andre europeiske land. Nøkkelord:Barnefattigdom, asylsøkere, asylmottak, økonomiske ytelser, historikk, NorgeThis article is downloaded from www.idunn.no.

“I Feel like I’m Eating Rice 24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week”: Dietary Diversity among Asylum Seekers Living in Norway

“…However, after adjusting for possible confounders, there was no difference in income between asylum seekers with a high and low DDS in our study. In Norway, an asylum seeker receives approximately 250 euros per month, and this sum is supposed to cover all expenses other than accommodation, including food, clothing, transport and any other necessities [24]. In contrast, the Norwegian reference budget recommends approximately 250 euros to cover one adult’s food costs for one month, and an average Norwegian family uses 11% of its budget on food [62].…”

“…In Norway, at the start of the study in January 2017, 12,674 asylum seekers were residing in Norwegian reception centers [22]. While waiting for their application to be processed, asylum seekers live in reception centers; they are not allowed to work but receive an allowance from Norwegian authorities [23,24]. Most ordinary reception centers have self-catering, which means that the residents themselves do the grocery shopping and meal preparation.…”

Differentiation of Rights in the Norwegian Welfare State: Hierarchies of Belonging and Humanitarian Exceptionalism

“…The government decided to reduce the economic benefit for those living in the reception center by 20% in 2016 in comparison to the 2015 rates. These changes can be understood in light of the idea of a "refugee crisis" in 2015 (Seeberg, 2017). Even though the number of asylum seekers arriving in Norway was lower than in several other countries, including Sweden and Germany, the "crisis" discourse contributed to a political approach that the government called the "necessary tightening in the asylum politic" in an agreement across political fractions on measures to meet the "refugee crisis" in November 2015 (Prime Minister's Office & Ministry of Justice and Emergency Affairs, 2016, author's translation).…”

“…Introducing the idea that residents in asylum reception would no longer receive cash benefits can be seen as a strong indication that residents in asylum reception are not considered to be part of Norwegian society proper, despite the fact that many people either have received or will receive a residence permit and live in the country. It is also worth mentioning that in 2016 the living conditions of the population in reception centers were for the first time not compared to the living conditions of the rest of the population in Norway, but instead with the conditions for asylum seekers in other European countries, and sometimes with the living conditions for different groups in their countries of origin (Seeberg, 2017). One may ask whether it has become easier to keep asylum seekers completely outside the social and symbolic boundaries of Norwegian society.…”

Patire la fame nella culla del welfare. Uno studio sulla sicurezza alimentare dei richiedenti asilo nei centri di accoglienza norvegesi

“…Esso si manifesta fra le altre cose nelle strutture abitative messe a disposizione dei richiedenti asilo, spesso fatiscenti (Hauge, Støa e Denizou, 2017). Ciò è inoltre visibile nel supporto economico che i richiedenti asilo ricevono dallo Stato (Seeberg 2017). Questo, nel 2017, era di 240 euro mensili per adulto, 450 euro per coppia e circa 180 euro per ciascun figlio.…”