Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport

Brucker, Peter U.; Katzmaier, P.; Olvermann, M.; Huber, A.; Waibel, Karlheinz; Imhoff, Andreas B.; Spitzenpfeil, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00113-013-2464-4

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…hand/arm protectors, back protectors, knee and lower-leg protectors, knee orthoses, and airbag systems [84, 85]. Although these measures are based on plausible prevention concepts and have (commonly) been implemented in recent years, their effectiveness for decreasing the risk of injury is still unclear.…”

Section: What Is Known About Injury Prevention In Alpine Ski Racing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Prevent Injuries in Alpine Ski Racing: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

et al. 2016

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Alpine ski racing is known to be a sport with a high risk of injury and a high proportion of time-loss injuries. In recent years, substantial research efforts with regard to injury epidemiology, injury etiology, potential prevention measures, and measures’ evaluation have been undertaken. Therefore, the aims of this review of the literature were (i) to provide a comprehensive overview of what is known about the aforementioned four steps of injury prevention research in the context of alpine ski racing; and (ii) to derive potential perspectives for future research. In total, 38 injury risk factors were previously reported in literature; however, a direct relation to injury risk was proven for only five factors: insufficient core strength/core strength imbalance, sex (depending on type of injury), high skill level, unfavorable genetic predisposition, and the combination of highly shaped, short and wide skis. Moreover, only one prevention measure (i.e. the combination of less-shaped and longer skis with reduced profile width) has demonstrated a positive impact on injury risk. Thus, current knowledge deficits are mainly related to verifying the evidence of widely discussed injury risk factors and assessing the effectiveness of reasonable prevention ideas. Nevertheless, the existing knowledge should be proactively communicated and systematically implemented by sport federations and sport practitioners.

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Section: What Is Known About Injury Prevention In Alpine Ski Racing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Prevent Injuries in Alpine Ski Racing: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

et al. 2016

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“…This is no different for skiers, where recent epidemiological reports show 84 injuries per 100,000 skiers per year (2), with knee injuries accounting for 30-38% of total injuries (2,3). The most frequently injured structure is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) (38%), followed by the ACL (14%).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Knee Braces Prevent Ski Knee Injuries?

2017

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Background: Alpine skiing has high rates of knee injuries. Prophylactic knee braces (PKBs) and functional knee braces (FKBs) are often prescribed by clinicians to reduce injuries or re-injuries in skiers. Objectives: This literature review evaluates current knowledge on the biomechanical and clinical effectiveness of prophylactic and functional knee braces in preventing knee injuries and their impact on the athletic performance of non-injured and injured individuals. Methods: A literature review was performed to analyze the efficiency of knee braces concerning the reduction of mechanical stress, influence on muscle control, performance and injury prevention. Results: Most of the available literature describes research on the use of knee braces in contact sports, specifically American football. In this context, several studies show braces to be more effective in preventing medial collateral ligament injuries than anterior cruciate ligament injuries in both cadaveric and clinical studies. The use of functional braces after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been supported and refuted in both postoperative and long-term studies. Ski-specific studies show a positive effect of knee braces on proprioception; no influence on performance; and a protective effect on previously injured skiers. Conclusions: Current literature indicates PKBs may have a protective function in healthy patients, while influence on performance is minimal. Functional braces are recommended in ACL-deficient patients and are biomechanically effective under low-loading conditions. They may not be as effective in high-loading conditions, such as athletic activity. There is a protective effect of FKBs of preventing re-rupture of reconstructed ACLs and preventing further knee injuries on ACL-deficient knees in skiers. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of PKBs snow sports.

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“…In addition to frequent acute injuries, overuse injuries are also common (Hildebrandt and Raschner, 2013;Sporri et al, 2015Sporri et al, , 2016Supej et al, 2017). The knee joint is the most frequently injured body part in both recreational and competitive skiing (Brucker et al, 2014;Haaland et al, 2016). More specifically, the outer knee in the ski turn has been reported to be more prone to acute injury compared with the inner one (Urabe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Skis As a Potential Knee Injury Risk Factor in Alpine Skiing

Zorko

Nemec

Matjačić

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Alpine skis with wider waist widths have recently become more popular. With such skis, the contact point of the ground reaction force during ski turns is displaced more medially from beneath the sole of the outer ski, which may present an increased risk of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate knee joint kinetics, kinematics, and lower limb muscle activation as a function of changes of the ski waist width in a laboratory setting. A custom skiing simulator was constructed to enable simulation of different ski waist widths in a quasi-static ski turn position. An optical system was used for capturing knee joint kinematics of the outer leg, whereas a force plate was used to determine the ground reaction force vector. The combination of both systems enabled values for external torques acting on the knee joint to be calculated, whereas electromyographic measurements enabled an analysis of knee flexor muscle activation. With respect to the outer ski, the knee joint external torques were independent of ski waist width, whereas knee joint external rotation and biceps femoris activation increased significantly with the increase of the ski waist width. Skier muscle and kinematics adaptation most probably took place to diminish the external knee joint torque changes when the waist width of the ski was increased. The laboratory results suggest that using skis with large waist widths on hard, frozen surfaces may change the load of knee joint surfaces. However, future research is needed to clarify if this may result in the increased risk of knee injury.

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Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

How to Prevent Injuries in Alpine Ski Racing: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

How to Prevent Injuries in Alpine Ski Racing: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

Do Knee Braces Prevent Ski Knee Injuries?

Wide Skis As a Potential Knee Injury Risk Factor in Alpine Skiing

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