Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the combination of Caesalpinia sappan L. and Garcinia mangostana extract

Abstract

Garcinia mangostana (Gm) and Caesalpinia sappan (Cs) are traditional food used for health supplements. Nevertheless, the synergistic effect of the combinations has never been studied for antidiabetic supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic α-glucosidase activity of Gm pericarp and Cs heartwood combination extracts. Both plants were extracted with ethanol and water. The total flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric assay. The α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was used to measure the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts. Synergistic effects were analyzed by calculating the combination index (CI). Targeting compounds inside the extracts were detected using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Protein-ligand interaction was analyzed using Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application, Protein-Ligand Ant System, and Ligplot + software. The total flavonoid content of Cs aqueous extract was higher than Gm, while the ethanol extract had similar results. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of both extracts was in line with their total flavonoid content. The ethanol extracts showed higher activity compared to the aqueous extracts. The combination of both extracts revealed synergistic inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity (CI < 1). Flavonoid compounds of Gm and Cs extracts revealed their affinity with the acarbose active site in the α-glucosidase enzyme. Thus, the combination of Gm and Cs extract can be developed as a potential herbal supplement to prevent and manage diabetes mellitus.

Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract and Chemical Constituents Isolated from Homotrigona apicalis Propolis—In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies

“…For example, Faisal Usman et al [ 54 ], Qirou Wang et al [ 55 ], and Juan Cardozo-Muñoz et al [ 56 ] conducted computational experiments without a positive control, resulting in insufficient evidence to support the reliability of their docking results for α-mangostin and α -glucosidase. On the other hand, Nina Artanti et al [ 57 ] and Ahmad Fariz Maulana et al [ 58 ] used acarbose as a positive control, but their docking results did not accurately reflect the in vitro experimental results. In this study, α-mangostin was demonstrated to be a potent α -glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC 50 value of 1.90 ± 0.10 μg/mL (equivalent to 4.63 ± 0.24 μM), whereas the IC 50 value of acarbose was 134.56 ± 3.02 μg/mL (equivalent to 204.93 ± 4.60 μM).…”

An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach to Formulate Tamanu Oil Bigels as Anti-Scarring Agent

“…The number of hydrogen bonds and non-covalent interactions for each complex was calculated using Discovery Studio Visualizer (http://accelrys.com/products/collaborative-science/biovia-discovery-studio/, accessed on 16 November 2023), which produced details, compound images, and interaction images (2D and 3D). We used web-based pkCSM-pharmacokinetic tools to determine the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion); safety; and physicochemical properties of the selected bioactive molecules [43,47].…”