“…However, many complex, specific mechanisms have been identified to generate this phenomenon. These include excitatory/inhibitory balance [28], low-pass frequency filtering by dendrites [29] or the extracellular medium [30], nonideal resistive components in the cell membrane [31], stochastic firing of neurons convolved with an exponential relaxation process [30], [32], [33], stochastic synaptic conductances [34], stochastically driven damped oscillators with different relaxation rates [35], local homogenous connectivity [36], combinations of many transient oscillations at different frequencies and amplitudes [37], or network mechanisms linking slower rhythms to broad neuronal recruitment and therefore larger amplitude field potentials [29]. Theoretically, scale-free phenomena – with 1/f-like behavior – have been linked to fractal properties [38], critical transitions [9], [39], and self-organized criticality [40], [41].…”