Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Ahsan, Akif; Salman, Khushtar Anwar; Alam, Md. Sayem; Siddiqui, A. H.; Naeem, Syed Shariq; Abdolzadeh, Ahmad; Khan, Iqbal

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/6342.4362

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Lempinen also observed that the serum levels of the trypsin2-AAT complex were significantly higher in patients with SAP than patients with mild symptoms 44 . AAT was also elevated in many other diseases including vernal keratoconjunctivitis 20 , hepatic carcinoma, and severe chronic hepatitis 45 , reflecting the protective role of AAT in the tissue response to injury. Circulating AAT levels are reported to increase with greater inflammatory damage, indicating that AAT may represent a useful diagnostic or prognostic marker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AAT is reported to modulate systemic inflammatory responses, reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocking leukocyte migration and inhibiting apoptosis 18 19 20 . However, the precise mechanisms governing regulation of serum AAT levels remain to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As serum levels of AAT increase in response to tissue injury, this glycoprotein is considered an acute-phasereactant 18 19 . In addition to inhibiting neutrophil elastase, chymase, and trypsin 19 , AAT also inhibits proteolytic enzymes such as cathepsin-G and proteinase-3 (PR3) 20 . However, under inflammatory conditions, AAT activity has been reported to be reduced.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hepatic steatosis depresses alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in human and rat acute pancreatitis

Wang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Hepatic steatosis (HS) can exacerbate acute pancreatitis (AP). This study aimed to investigate the relation between α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and acute pancreatitis when patients have HS. Using proteomic profiling, we identified 18 differently expressed proteins pots in the serum of rats with or without HS after surgical establishment of AP. AAT was found to be one of the significantly down-regulated proteins. AAT levels were significantly lower in hepatic steatosis acute pancreatitis (HSAP) than in non-HSAP (NHSAP) (P < 0.001). To explore the clinical significance of these observations, we measured the levels of AAT in the serum of 240 patients with HSAP, NHSAP, fatty liver disease (FLD), or no disease. Compared with healthy controls, serum AAT levels in patients with NHSAP were significantly higher (P < 0.01), while in patients with HSAP serum AAT levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01). Further studies showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE-II) scores were negatively correlated with serum AAT levels (r = −0.85, P < 0.01). In conclusion, low serum levels of AAT in patients with HSAP are correlated with disease severity and AAT may represent a potential target for therapies aiming to improve pancreatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Hepatic steatosis depresses alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in human and rat acute pancreatitis

Wang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Another study observed how alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in tears were lower in VKC rather than in the healthy control group [182]. Other potential biomarkers of VKC could be osteopontin and periostin concentrations in tears.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review

Bruschi,

Ghiglioni,

Cozzi

et al. 2023

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral corneal and conjunctival problem which typically presents in young individuals. VKC is characterized by itching, photophobia, white mucous discharge, lacrimation, foreign body sensation, and pain due to corneal involvement of shield ulcers. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is categorized within ocular diseases. The diagnosis is clinical, as no sure biomarkers pathognomonic of the disease have yet been identified. The VKC therapy relies on different types of drugs, from antihistamines and topical steroids to cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye drops. In extremely rare cases, there is also the need for surgical treatment for the debridement of ulcers, as well as for advanced glaucoma and cataracts, caused by excessive prolonged use of steroid eye drops. We performed a systematic review of the literature, according to PRISMA guideline recommendations. We searched the PubMed database from January 2016 to June 2023. Search terms were Vernal, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and VKC. We initially identified 211 articles. After the screening process, 168 studies were eligible according to our criteria and were included in the review. In this study, we performed a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available diagnostic methods, management of VKC, and its treatments.

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“…Tryptase activity was assayed using N-a-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide as substrate [ 14 ], glutathione S-transferase (GSH) activity was assayed using 2,4-Dinitrochlorbenzene (CDNB) as substrate [ 15 ], chymotrypsin-like proteinase activity was assayed using N-succinyl-alanine-alanineproline-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA) as substrate [ 16 ], and α-naphyle esterase activity was assayed using α-NA as substrate [ 17 ]. For the assessment of all protease activities, the absorbance was read at 410 nm using an Elx808 microplate reader (BioTek, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Vip3Aa1 against Periplaneta americana

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Open Life Sciences

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AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a well-known entomopathogen. In this study, we cloned the vip3Aa1 gene from Bt strain GIM1.147 and investigated the insecticidal activity of Bt Vip3Aa1 protein produced by Escherichia coli against Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica. The results showed that purified Vip3Aa1 exhibited an LC50 at 24 h against P. americana and B. germanica of 0.182 mg·ml-1 and 0.276 mg·ml-1, respectively. Investigations of its mode of action showed that Vip3Aa1 could be proteolyzed into a 62-kDa toxic protein by P. americana gut-soluble proteases. In addition, Vip3Aa1 caused severe damage to the columnar colon and the midgut, as observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. The 62-kDa activated Vip3Aa1 protein could form ion channels in the colon and the midgut in vitro. Based on protease activity analysis, Vip3Aa1 at concentrations of 0.125 mg·ml-1 and 0.031 mg·ml-1 could downregulate the activities of glutathione S-transferase, α-NA esterase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. This report provides the first description of the activity of Vip3Aa1 toxins toward P. americana and B. germanica and demonstrates that the mechanism through which Vip3Aa1 kills P. americana and B. germanica differs from that involved in the killing of lepidopteran insects.

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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Hepatic steatosis depresses alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in human and rat acute pancreatitis

Hepatic steatosis depresses alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in human and rat acute pancreatitis

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review

Activity of Vip3Aa1 against Periplaneta americana

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