Alopecia Areata: A tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle

Gilhar, Amos; Kalish, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2005.07.001

Cited by 194 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The most widely accepted hypothesis describes AA as a T-cell mediated autoimmune response targeting an unknown antigen in anagen-stage hair follicles. 8,9 It has also been postulated that compromise of immune privilege in normal hair follicles, mediated in part by interferon-gamma (INF-g), 10 has a role in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of AA. 11,12 Considerable evidence indicates that genetic elements have a significant role in the etiology of AA, as evidenced by the recent identification of a number of suggested susceptibility loci, 13 the high incidence of positive family history in affected individuals 14,15 and high twin concordance rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral blood gene expression in alopecia areata reveals molecular pathways distinguishing heritability, disease and severity

Coda¹,

Hysa²,

Seiffert-Sinha³

et al. 2010

Genes Immun

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Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disorder in which systemic disturbances have been described, but are poorly understood. To evaluate disease mechanisms, we examined gene expression in the blood of defined clinical subgroups (patchy AA persistent type, AAP, n ¼ 5; alopecia universalis, AU, n ¼ 4) and healthy controls (unaffected relatives, UaR, n ¼ 5; unaffected non-relatives, UaNR, n ¼ 4) using microarrays. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering separates all four patient and control groups, producing three distinct expression patterns reflective of 'inheritance', 'disease' and 'severity' signatures. Functional classification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) comparing disease (AAP, AU) vs normal (UaR) groups reveals upregulation in immune response, cytokine signaling, signal transduction, cell cycle, proteolysis and cell adhesionrelated genes. Pathway analysis further reveals the activation of several genes related to natural killer-cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitogen activated protein kinase, Wnt signaling and B-and T-cell receptor signaling in AA patients. Finally, 35 genes differentially expressed in AA blood overlap with DEGs previously identified in AA skin lesions. Our results implicate innate and adaptive immune processes while also revealing novel pathways, such as Wnt signaling and apoptosis, relevant to AA pathogenesis. Our data suggest that peripheral blood expression profiles of AA patients likely carry new biomarkers associated with disease susceptibility and expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral blood gene expression in alopecia areata reveals molecular pathways distinguishing heritability, disease and severity

Coda¹,

Hysa²,

Seiffert-Sinha³

et al. 2010

Genes Immun

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“…Hasta grubumuzda anti-TPO ak pozitifliği, AT ak ve ANA pozitiflikleri sırası ile %9, %3,3 ve %9 oranlarında saptanmıştır. AA'ya ait deneysel modellerde otoreaktif CD8+/CD4+ T hücreleri ve interferon gamanın direkt olarak kıl kökü harabiyetine neden olduğu gösterilmiştir 8,10,19 . AA'lı hastalarla yapılan daha önceki çalışmalarda da tanımlanan otoimmün hastalıklar arasında Hashimoto tiroiditi, vitiligo, pernisiyöz anemi, tip 1 diyabetes mellitus, lupus eritematozus, miyastenia gravis, liken planus, tip 1 otoimmün poliendokrin sendrom ve Çölyak hastalığı bulunmaktadır 8,10,20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…AA'lı hastalarla yapılan daha önceki çalışmalarda da tanımlanan otoimmün hastalıklar arasında Hashimoto tiroiditi, vitiligo, pernisiyöz anemi, tip 1 diyabetes mellitus, lupus eritematozus, miyastenia gravis, liken planus, tip 1 otoimmün poliendokrin sendrom ve Çölyak hastalığı bulunmaktadır 8,10,20,21 . Ayrıca AA'lı hastalarda otoimmün antikorlarda anlamlı yükselmeler görüldüğü bildirilmiştir 8,19 . Anti-TPO ak pozitifliği erişkinlerde AA'lı hastalarda yapılan çalışmalarda %25'lere varan düzeyde görülebilmektedir 20,22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Childhood alopecia areata: A study of 89 patients

Doğan¹,

Ersoy‐Evans²,

Gönç³

et al. 2014

TURKDERM

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Background and Design: Alopecia areata (AA) is a frequent type of acquired hair loss with a sudden onset. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of AA and diseases associated with AA in the Turkish pediatric population. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the medical data of patients under 16 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric dermatology outpatient clinic at Hacettepe University Hospital between 2006 and 2011 with a diagnosis of AA, alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU). Results: A total of 89 patients (34 females and 55 males), were included in this study. The mean age of the subjects was 9.8±3.4 years (range:18 months-16 years). 9% (n=8) patients had other autoimmune diseases: Hashimoto's thyroiditis in 5, vitiligo in 1, juvenile rheumatoid arthiritis (JRA) in 1 and morphea in 1 patient. AA was located on the scalp in 86.5% (n=77) of the patients, 7.9% (n=7) of the patients had AA on the scalp together with eyelashes, eyebrows and the body. AT was noted in 1, AU was noted in 4 patients. Severity of hair loss was <25% in 94.3% (n=84) of the patients according to the involved area. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed in 5 patients; these patients had normal thyroid function tests (TFT). TFT abnormalities were detected in 27% (n=24) of the patients. 24.7% (n=22) of these patients were diagnosed

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“…1 탈모 (alopecia)는 자가 면역 반응, 호르몬에 의한 모낭의 위축 등 다양한 원인으로 나타나게 된다. 2,3 탈모 치료를 위해 지난 수십 년간 열, 레이저 4,5 등의 물리 적인 치료방법과 미녹시딜, 6,7 Anthralin, 8 cyclosporine A, 9 Lascorbic acid, 10 caffeine 11,12 등의 약물이 개발되어 이용되고 있다. 그 중 미녹시딜은 먹는 발모제인 finasteride와 함께 미 국 FDA 승인을 받은 효능이 검증된 바르는 발모제이다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Characteristics and Hair Growth Efficacy of Water Dissolving Micro-needles Containing Minoxidil Regarding Length of Micro-needles

한미리¹,

김은영²,

정용현³

et al. 2013

Polymer Korea

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Two types of polymeric micro-needles with 250 and 750 µm lengths were prepared by a micromolding process. The geometry of dissolving micro-needles with minoxidil was investigated and the mechanical property of polymer micro-needles was also evaluated. Water dissolving micro-needles containing minoxidil were successfully inserted into skin and delivered minoxidil to the skin layer after 30 min of insertion. The observed hair growth was less when the minoxidil treatment was not applied or used without the micro-needles than that the minoxidil was applied by micro-needles. Histologically, these hair follicles became bigger, and the hair papillae were totally encircled by the hair bulbs. In this feasibility test, we show the successful delivery of minoxidil, and effective treatment of hair loss can be possible by using dissolving micro-needles with minoxidil.Keywords: water dissolving polymer, micro-needle, microstructure, micromolding, hair growth.

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Alopecia Areata: A tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle

Cited by 194 publications

References 39 publications

Peripheral blood gene expression in alopecia areata reveals molecular pathways distinguishing heritability, disease and severity

Peripheral blood gene expression in alopecia areata reveals molecular pathways distinguishing heritability, disease and severity

Childhood alopecia areata: A study of 89 patients

Characteristics and Hair Growth Efficacy of Water Dissolving Micro-needles Containing Minoxidil Regarding Length of Micro-needles

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