Aloe derived nanovesicle as a functional carrier for indocyanine green encapsulation and phototherapy

Abstract

Background Cancer is one of the devastating diseases in the world. The development of nanocarrier provides a promising perspective for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy. However, the issues with potential toxicity, quantity production, and excessive costs limit their further applications in clinical practice. Results Herein, we proposed a nanocarrier obtained from aloe with stability and leak-proofness. We isolated nanovesicles from the gel and rind of aloe (gADNVs and rADNVs) with higher quality and yield by controlling the final centrifugation time within 20 min, and modulating the viscosity at 2.98 mPa S and 1.57 mPa S respectively. The gADNVs showed great structure and storage stability, antioxidant and antidetergent capacity. They could be efficiently taken up by melanoma cells, and with no toxicity in vitro or in vivo. Indocyanine green (ICG) loaded in gADNVs (ICG/gADNVs) showed great stability in both heating system and in serum, and its retention rate exceeded 90% after 30 days stored in gADNVs. ICG/gADNVs stored 30 days could still effectively damage melanoma cells and inhibit melanoma growth, outperforming free ICG and ICG liposomes. Interestingly, gADNVs showed prominent penetrability to mice skin which might be beneficial to noninvasive transdermal administration. Conclusions Our research was designed to simplify the preparation of drug carrier, and reduce production cost, which provided an alternative for the development of economic and safe drug delivery system. Graphical Abstract

Codelivery of π–π Stacked Dual Anticancer Drugs Based on Aloe-Derived Nanovesicles for Breast Cancer Therapy

“…50 As our previous study showed, gADNVs were rich in a variety of components that were antioxidant or conducive to an ordered phospholipid arrangement, which was beneficial to maintaining their stability. 27 Here, the stability of DIARs was evaluated in PBS, H 2 O, and RPMI 1640 culture medium first. As shown in Figure S2, the particle size of DIARs barely changed in PBS and RPMI 1640 after storing for 10 days, even though its particle size increased in H 2 O gradually, which indicated that DIARs were stable under physiological conditions during the 10-day storage.…”

“…Drug retention in nanocarrier during storage is one of the commonly used indicators for stability evaluation . As our previous study showed, gADNVs were rich in a variety of components that were antioxidant or conducive to an ordered phospholipid arrangement, which was beneficial to maintaining their stability . Here, the stability of DIARs was evaluated in PBS, H 2 O, and RPMI 1640 culture medium first.…”

“…Our previous study found that aloe-derived nanovesicles (gADNVs) had great structure and storage stability and antioxidant and antidetergent capacity, which was a promising candidate for drug delivery. 27 Herein, we design a NDDS based on gADNVs as nanocarriers. ICG and DOX were loaded into gADNVs to construct a NDDS for a combinatorial photoand chemotherapy.…”

Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas—Where Are We? Recent Updates

“… The substances present in aloe vera exhibit different biological properties of pharmacological/therapeutic interest. ( a ) Healing-regenerative [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]; ( b ) Photoprotective [ 37 , 51 , 52 ]; ( c ) Antiviral [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]; ( d ) DNA telomerase [ 59 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]; ( e ) Immunomodulatory [ 37 , 45 , 46 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]; ( f ) Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 59 , 63 , 68 , 72 , 74 , 75 ]; ( g ) Synergistic properties with antineoplastic drugs [ 42 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. …”

“…Accordingly, aloe-emodin, when combined with phototherapies or photodynamic therapies, induces apoptosis in mucinoma cells, gastric cancer cells, and breast cancer cells [ 79 , 80 ]. Additionally, the compounds aloe-emodin, 7-hydroxy-2,5 dimethylchromone, and beta-sitosterol in Aloe vera act synergistically with cisplatin, inhibiting breast and cervical cancer cell proliferation and exhibiting a higher binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha than standard tamoxifen [ 42 , 59 ].…”