“…The heating uniformity index (UI) has been used to evaluate and compare temperature distributions in RF treated samples (Wang et al, 2005Alfaifi et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2015). A number of methods have been reported to improve RF heating uniformity, such as hot air surface heating, sample movement, similar surrounding material assistance and mixing (Wang et al, 2007a,b;Gao et al, 2010;Hou et al, 2014;Jiao et al, 2014). Since mixing is usually used in industrial-scale RF treatments (Wang et al, 2006(Wang et al, , 2007a, it is important to clearly determine the effects of mixing on temperature distributions in RF treated products.…”