Untitled

Abstract

Using the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) and Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) for hospital discharges we evaluated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) surveillance and estimated real PTB incidence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in Seville in 1998. In addition, we assessed the sensitivity and the positive predictive value (PPV) of the surveillance system. Real incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was estimated by the capture-recapture method. In 1998, the province of Seville reported 225 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis to the NNDSS, an incidence of 13.2 per 100,000 population. Of the 225 cases reported, 18.2% presented with HIV coinfection, while a total of 194 had confirmed diagnoses. The MBDS accounted for 106 new cases. Of these, 24.8% presented with HIV coinfection and were 58% less likely to be reported to the NNDSS (25-76%, p = 0.001). Applying the capture-recapture method, 426 cases were estimated, an overall incidence of 25.6 per 100,000 population (21.5-28.8). Completeness for each source was similar (47%), and for both jointly was 72.7%. The NNDSS had a sensitivity of 65.3% and a PPV of 89.3%. In conclusion, the NNDSS underestimates PTB and PTB-HIV coinfection in Seville. The high incidence observed in young adults suggests a high degree of tuberculosis endemicity. Hospital records provide a readily accessible, low-cost means of estimating disease incidence.

Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Countries Except China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Six reports each were from the USA (226,904)[11], [17]–[19], [22], [54] and Brazil (4,841) [29], [37], [42], [46], [49], [56], five were from Nigeria (2,520) [21], [32], [47], [52], [55], four each were from Ethiopia (2,609) [28], [34], [36], [44] and Spain (10,809) [14], [24], [26], [40], three were from India (1,825) [27], [45], [59], two each were from Iran (721) [43], [53], South Africa (374) [23], [50], Zambia (2,309) [16], [35], and Zimbabwe (2,049) [15], [58], and one each was from Cambodia (441) [25], Trinidad and Tobago (121) [41], Israel (1,059) [51], Netherland (13,269) [30], Singapore (184) [48], Tanzania (233) [39], Thailand(54) [31], Togo(569) [57], UK(157) [20], Ukraine(968) [33], and Vietnam(450) [38]. Twenty-nine reports screened HIV infection among TB patients (n = 22,884)[15]–[17], [19]–[23], [26]–[28], [31], [33]–[36], [38], [41], [42], …”

“…Twenty-nine reports screened HIV infection among TB patients (n = 22,884)[15]–[17], [19]–[23], [26]–[28], [31], [33]–[36], [38], [41], [42], [48], [50]–[52], [54]–[59], and eleven reports screened TB patients among HIV/AIDS patients (12,627)[14], [25], [32], [39], [40], [43]–[47], [53], and the screening method was unknown in the remaining seven (236,955) [11], [18], [24], [29], [30], [37], [49]. Tuberculosis was diagnosed by combination of chest radiography and sputum culture in 9 studies (n = 6,562) [15], [28], [31], [34], [36], [39], [42], [50], [58], by combination of chest radiography, sputum culture and PPD skin test in 1 studies (459) [43], by sputum culture in 17 studies (14,769)[14], [16], [17], [22], [25]–[27], [32], [33], [38], [41], [44], [45], [47], [48], [52], [54], by PPD skin test in 1 study (262) [53], by chest radiography in 1 stud...…”

“…Tuberculosis was diagnosed by combination of chest radiography and sputum culture in 9 studies (n = 6,562) [15], [28], [31], [34], [36], [39], [42], [50], [58], by combination of chest radiography, sputum culture and PPD skin test in 1 studies (459) [43], by sputum culture in 17 studies (14,769)[14], [16], [17], [22], [25]–[27], [32], [33], [38], [41], [44], [45], [47], [48], [52], [54], by PPD skin test in 1 study (262) [53], by chest radiography in 1 study (2072) [35], by combination of chest radiography and PPD skin test in 1 studies (161) [23]; the method of diagnosis was unknown in the remaining seventeen(248,181)[11], [18]–[21], [24], [29], [30], [37], [40], [46], [49], [51], [55]–[57], [59]. HIV/AIDS was diagnosed by blood in 25 studies (14,953)[15]–[17], [20], [21], [23], [27], [28], [33]–[36], [39], [41], [43], [44], [47], [48], [51...…”

“…For study types, four were prospective cohort studies (n = 9,561) [20], [28], [40], [58], nine studies were retrospective cohort studies (242,934)[11], [18], [22], [30], [42], [49]–[51], [54], and the remaining thirty four studies were cross sectional studies (19,971)[14]–[17], [19], [21], [23]–[27], [29], [31]–[39], [41], [43]–[48], [52], [53], [55]–[57], [59], fifteen studies were population-based (255,093)[11], [18], [24], [26], [29], [30], [36]–[40], [42], [49], [54], [58], and the other 32 studies were hospital-based (17,373)[14]–[17], [19]–[23], [25], [27], [28], [31]–[35], [41], [43]–[48], [50]–[53], [55]–[57], [59], twenty one reported data for men and women respectively (men = 13,004 women = 23,811) [15], [17], [18]...…”

A graphical study of tuberculosis incidence and trends in the WHO’s European region (1980–2006)

“…Political and armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia also contributed to this trend. Movements of people from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, drug abuse and HIV are associated with tuberculosis incidence in Western Europe, especially Spain [18], where the situation has deteriorated during the last years. Portugal has the highest overall The lineal tendency of the incidence beyond 1992 is plotted (dotted line) and extrapolated until 2015 incidence in Western Europe, although significant strides have been made recently.…”