Allozyme variation in the diploid (A genome) populations ofScilla scilloides (Hyacinthaceae)

Ding, Kan; Ge, Song; Yü, Zhihui; De‐Yuan, Hong

doi:10.1007/bf01087031

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Plant species of mainland China as well as Japan often show population and geographical subdivision, based on either allozyme or nuclear DNA markers (Ge & al., 1998(Ge & al., , 2002(Ge & al., , 2005aTsumura & Suyama, 1998;Ding & al., 1999;Kikuchi & Isagi, 2002;Huang, 2003;Su & al., 2003). Examples include tree species of Michelia formosana (Lu & al., 2002), Cyclobalanopsis championii , Cunninghamia konishii (Chung & al., 2004), Lithocarpus formosanus ( Chiang T. Y.…”

Section: Unique Phylogeographical Patterns Of Plants On Conti-nental mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of plants in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago

Chiang

Schaal

2006

TAXON

102

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Taiwan and Ryukyus constitute an archipelago lying on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to volcanic islands that often arise sequentially, these continental islands emerged almost simultaneously as the Luzon arc collided with the Eurasian margin some 9 million years ago (Mya). Taiwan and Ryukyus attained their modern features and their current flora and fauna from the adjacent mainland and from tropical Asia only 5–6 Mya. Quaternary glaciation led to a drop in sea level of the South China Sea and a land bridge that connected the Taiwan‐Ryukyu Archipelago to the mainland, which allowed plants and animals to migrate across what was previously ocean. These islands provided refugia for northern species that migrated south during glacial periods, as indicated by unanticipated high levels of genetic diversity in island populations of plants like Cunninghamia and Pinus. For most insect‐pollinated species, allozymes and nuclear DNA markers indicate significant genetic differentiation between populations and between geographical regions of the archipelago. In contrast, organelle based DNA markers suggest a migrant‐pool model, where colonists are recruited from a random sample of source populations. Consistent with this model, low elevation species have high genetic heterogeneity within populations and low levels of genetic differentiation between populations. In contrast, colonization of alpine species appeared to follow a phalanx model due to the limited availability of high elevation habitats. Genetic differentiation was detected between fragmented populations of the alpine species. A scenario of stepwise colonization from the mainland to near and then distant islands remains to be tested, although several studies indicate no such pattern. These conflicting results challenge the ability to define clear conservation criteria for the rare plant species of the archipelago.

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Section: Unique Phylogeographical Patterns Of Plants On Conti-nental mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of plants in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago

Chiang

Schaal

2006

TAXON

102

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“…The phylogenetic relationships between these two genomes and among populations are not well known. Using allozyme analysis, Ding et al (1999) showed that Chinese A genome populations were differentiated into three or more groups. Molecular phylogenetic and molecular cytogenetic investigations of the distributions of more populations are necessary to understand the intraspecific relationship of the S. scilloides genome.…”

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An Event Preceding Genome Differentiation in the A Genome Populations of <i>Scilla scilloides</i>

et al. 2017

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Hybrids between A genome diploid plants from the Chinese and Korean populations of the Scilla scilloides complex were found. Molecular cytogenetic examination and genome size measurement showed that the hybrids were composed of two distinguishable A genomes. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using mixed probes of both parental genomic DNAs could distinguish the chromosomes of each A genome in the chromosome spreads of hybrid plants. This suggests that the A genome plants of the two populations differ at the genomic DNA level. The genome size of the Korean population was 1.2-1.3 times larger than that of the Gansu population according to the area of chromosome set and fluorescence intensity in flow cytometry (FCM). Despite these cytological differences, the hybrids showed normal chromosome pairing in meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs), suggesting that the genomes of these two populations still belong to the same genome in terms of classical cytogenetics. Despite these genomes belonging to the same A genome, molecular signs of genome differentiation in the A genome were also found in the 5S rDNA spacer region. Southern blot hybridization of this spacer region from several populations showed that the three A genome populations were distinct from one another. Additionally, in a sequence analysis of a part of matK gene and ITS1, the three A genome populations showed population-specific sequence variations. These results suggest that the A genome populations of S. scilloides is just in the process of genome differentiation.

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“…1C, D) might be caused by following mechanisms, the differential amphiplasty caused by hybridization between differentiated populations of genome A. Variation among populations of AA diploid in China (Ding et al 1999). Other explanation is genetic mechanism such as loss or mutation in regulatory region involving transcription of rDNA or condensation of rDNA to not transcript.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The karyotype of each genome is revealed, and their polyploids and/or hybrids between two genomes are recognized by Araki (1971) and Haga and Noda (1976). Then, four different research approaches were performed in S. scilloides such as by respective scientists for genomic constitution of population (Araki 1972a, Ding et al 1999, by cytogenetic analysis (Araki 1971), by cytogeographic studies in Japan (Ihara 1977), in Korea (Araki 1972b(Araki , 1985Choi and Bang 1990;Choi et al 2004 ), and in China (Yu and Araki 1991;Yu et al 1993;Ding et al 1998) and by molecular cytogenetic analyses (Hizume et al 1993;Araki 1994, 1996;Hizume and Shibata 2001;Choi et al 2008). Two genomes are different not only in chromosome number and karyotype, but also in genomic DNA level, revealed clearly by genomic in situ hybridization (Hizume and Araki 1996).…”

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Peculiar phenomena of rDNA locus on chromosomes of some Chinese plants in Scilla scilloides

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. Two molecular cytological phenomena such as NOR and/rDNA loci in the chromosome complement of Scilla scilloides were observed by in situ hybridization using rDNA probe. Most of the plants of the species collected in Shaanxi Province, the People's Republic of China were diploid of genome A that was characterized by a pair of satellited a 2 chromosomes carrying heavy rDNA signal at the secondary constriction comprising of constricted region and its adjacent chromosome arms at metaphase. At interphase the rDNA signals dispersed in the nucleolus with condensed signal body at terminal end. A plant of AA diploid showed that rDNA signal of one a 2 chromosome condensed through the cycle of respective division, whereas that of another a 2 chromosome showed the normal behavior. Another phenomenon occurred frequently in small B-chromosomes in S. scilloides. The diploid and tetraploid plants of the genome B collected in Jiangsu had several small B-chromosomes carrying condensed rDNA signal in addition to b 1 chromosomes with heavy rDNA signal at metaphase and interphase, suggesting rDNA of small B-chromosomes did not involve to nucleolus organization. Scilla scilloides is a complex species involving such two genomes as the genome A (x=8) and the genome B (x=9). The karyotype of each genome is revealed, and their polyploids and/or hybrids between two genomes are recognized by Araki (1971) and Haga and Noda (1976). Then, four different research approaches were performed in S. scilloides such as by respective scientists for genomic constitution of population (Araki 1972a, Ding et al. 1999, by cytogenetic analysis (Araki 1971), by cytogeographic studies in Japan (Ihara 1977), in Korea (Araki 1972b, 1985Choi and Bang 1990;Choi et al. 2004 ), and in China (Yu and Araki 1991;Yu et al. 1993;Ding et al. 1998) and by molecular cytogenetic analyses (Hizume et al. 1993; Araki 1994, 1996;Hizume and Shibata 2001;Choi et al. 2008). Two genomes are different not only in chromosome number and karyotype, but also in genomic DNA level, revealed clearly by genomic in situ hybridization (Hizume and Araki 1996). Then, S. scilloides is useful to study genome differentiation, because they have differences between A and B genomes in genome structure/karyotype and their genomic DNA differentiation. In the present study two phenomena concerning rDNA loci/NORs by in situ hybridization (ISH) using rDNA probe are described for the first time. Ding et al. (1998). Plants were raveled and cultivated in pots and maintained in the experimental garden of Ehime University. Root tips were collected and treated in 2mM 8-hydroxiquinoline for 3h. Then, they were fixed in acetic-ethanol (1:3, volume ratio) and used immediately for observation or stored in a deep freezer until use. KEYWORDS: MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty plants of Scilla scilloidesThe fixed root tips were soaked in 45% acetic acid for 5 min, treated in 45% acetic acid at 60°C for 8 min and transferred in cold 45% acetic acid. Then, they were squashed in 45% acetic acid under cover slips on...

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Allozyme variation in the diploid (A genome) populations ofScilla scilloides (Hyacinthaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Phylogeography of plants in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago

Phylogeography of plants in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago

An Event Preceding Genome Differentiation in the A Genome Populations of <i>Scilla scilloides</i>

Peculiar phenomena of rDNA locus on chromosomes of some Chinese plants in Scilla scilloides

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