Alloying–Realloying Enabled High Durability for Pt–Pd–3d-Transition Metal Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Catalysts

Wu, Zhi Peng; Maswadeh, Yazan; Wen, Jianguo; Kong, Zhi Hui; Shan, Shiyao; Vargas, Jorge; Yan, Shan; Hopkins, Emma; Park, Keonwoo; Sharma, Anju; Ren, Yang; Petkov, Valeri; Wang, Lichang; Zhong, Chuan‐Jian

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-54923/v1

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As promising catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis, HEAs generally consist of five or more metals, which display the structure-dependent synergistic effects and enhanced catalytic performance in terms of activity and durability 13,14 . Moreover, since the HEAs can largely decrease the usage of noble metals and thus reduce the cost of catalyst 15 , they have been attracted increasing research interests. For instance, Li et al 16 reported a small HEAs Pt 18 Ni 26 Fe 15 Co 14 Cu 27 nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean size of ~3.4 nm as an efficient catalyst for alkaline methanol oxidation reaction, on which the synergistic effects facilitate the site-to-site electron transfer during both reduction and oxidation processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis

et al. 2021

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High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with unique physicochemical properties have attracted tremendous attention in many fields, yet the precise control on dimension and morphology at atomic level remains formidable challenges. Herein, we synthesize unique PtRuNiCoFeMo HEA subnanometer nanowires (SNWs) for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The mass and specific activities of HEA SNWs/C reach 6.75 A mgPt+Ru−1 and 8.96 mA cm−2, respectively, which are 2.8/2.6, 4.1/2.4, and 19.8/18.7 times higher than those of HEA NPs/C, commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C, respectively. It can even display enhanced resistance to CO poisoning during HOR in the presence of 1000 ppm CO. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong interactions between different metal sites in HEA SNWs can greatly regulate the binding strength of proton and hydroxyl, and therefore enhances the HOR activity. This work not only provides a viable synthetic route for the fabrication of Pt-based HEA subnano/nano materials, but also promotes the fundamental researches on catalysis and beyond.

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confidence: 99%

Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis

et al. 2021

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“…Part of this problem is addressed by an in-depth understanding of factors controlling the composition optimization and the realloying under electrochemical and fuel cell operating conditions. [23] While the evolution of catalysts after the potential cycling is shown to produce structural disordering with increased entropies, an important question is how such structural changes play a role in the durability. Seeking the answer to this question requires an in-depth study of the dynamic structure changes under electrochemical or fuel cell operation conditions.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to ex situ characterizations, the structure evolution of Pt-and Pd-based NP catalysts during electrochemical cycling was recently studied by in situ/operando synchrotron HE-XRD experiments in a custom-designed PEMFC (Figure 1d). [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The results were analyzed by PDF analysis and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation. Some of the catalysts were also modeled by DFT calculation.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the solid membrane electrode assembly (MEA) environment, the diffusion is slower and the re-deposition rate of the dissolved metal ions is much greater. [23] The dissolution/ re-deposition cycles could result in NP agglomeration and coarsening, leading to a considerable activity decay. Thus, the metal dissolution and re-deposition could occur during the potential cycling as a result of the gradual base-metal leaching and NP agglomeration before reaching an equilibrium state, the determination of which is an important subject of current interest.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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kinetics of ORR is around five orders of magnitude slower than that of HOR, thereby requiring a much higher Pt loading in the cathode along with more active and durable ORR electrocatalysts than pure Pt catalysts. [1] This requirement presents challenges for the development of advanced cathode catalysts with lower cost, higher activity and higher durability than Pt. Meanwhile, traditional alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) working on concentrated 30−45% KOH electrolytes gained little attention for decades mainly due to their high sensitivity to atmospheric CO 2 . [2,3] The OH − ions in the electrolyte react with CO 2 and form K 2 CO 3 , which can precipitate out as solid crystals, blocking pores in the electrode and gas diffusion layer. In addition, the consumption of OH − reduces the conductivity of the electrolyte. This issue is addressed by replacing KOH solution with a solid anion exchange membrane (AEM) without mobile cations. An AMFC offers several important advantages over PEMFCs, including: 1) low dissolution rates of catalysts, allowing the use of less expensive Pt-free electrocatalysts; 2) wide selections of materials and components that are stable at high pH; and 3) inexpensive solid electrolytes that do not need fluorinated ionomers. Despite their promise, AMFCs are still in the early development stage and have not been systematically investigated due to the lack of highly conductive and durable AEMs. The recent development of highly conductive The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006292.

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“…It is the role of catalysis in electrolysis water-splitting cells that is the focal point of this review. The readers are referred to several recent reviews for the role of catalysis in fuel cells [ 15 , 19 – 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

2021

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As a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use, which constitutes the central focus of this review. It will start with an introduction of the water splitting performance evaluation of various electrocatalysts in terms of activity, stability, and efficiency. This will be followed by outlining current knowledge on the two half-cell reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in terms of reaction mechanisms in alkaline and acidic media. Recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble-metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts will be discussed. New strategies and insights in exploring the synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites of the nanostructured electrocatalysts for increasing the electrocatalytic activity and stability in HER and OER will be highlighted. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water splitting electrolysis will also be outlined.

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Alloying–Realloying Enabled High Durability for Pt–Pd–3d-Transition Metal Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Catalysts

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis

Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

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