Allopurinol And Cataracts

Jick, Hershel; Brandt, David E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90328-3

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed, when epidemiological studies reveal that NSAIDs increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by 50% (Carson et al 1987), that the use of fenoterol increases the risk of death in severe asthma , that replacement estrogens are hazardous for endometrial cancer (Jick et al 1979), or that allopurinol appears safe with respect to cataracts (Jick & Brandt 1984), it is obviously necessary to be alert to the various limitations involved in epidemiological research before weighing the evidence advanced by the data. This fact is not only true for the investigator of these risks, who contributes new data to our knowledge about an issue, but unquestionably also for the consumer of these data, who will be a pivotal player in the ultimate deci-sion making process about its safety, whether from the regulatory, industry or clinical practice setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, consider the data in table VI reproduced from the study by Jick and Brandt (1984) on allopurinol and cataracts requiring surgery, focusing particularly on the 30 to 49 years age group. Zero events are observed in the group exposed to allopurinol after 992 person-years of follow-up density while 78 are observed in the nonexposed group after 366 960 person-years for a rate of 2.1 per 10 000 person-years.…”

Section: Zero Events and Drug Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Methods in Pharmacoepidemiology

Suissa

1991

Drug Safety

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To successfully appraise the significance of epidemiological data on drug risk and safety requires a good understanding of the errors involved in the design and analysis of pharmacoepidemiological studies. A proper comprehension of the repercussions of these errors and of the strengths and limitations of the tools used to measure their magnitude are essential to sound decision making by the regulatory, industry or clinical consumers of these data. In this paper, we examine the role of statistics in managing the quantifiable errors present in pharmacoepidemiological data analysis and interpretation. Some epidemiological principles on the measurement of risk are first introduced. The influences of controllable systematic error and random error on our assessment of epidemiological data are then presented, along with the prevailing statistical principles and measures necessary to control these errors. To illustrate the various issues addressed, published data on the risks of NSAIDs, focusing particularly on upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), the risks of replacement estrogens for endometrial cancer and the safety of allopurinol for cataracts are used as examples throughout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zero Events and Drug Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Methods in Pharmacoepidemiology

Suissa

1991

Drug Safety

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“…In the late seventies and in the eighties, the first studies linking prescription records with individual patient files were published . Since then, observational research on medicines harms has been mainly driven by the use of healthcare databases, which has paralleled developments in IT technologies.…”

Section: Fifty Years Of Pharmacovigilance – From Case Reports To Big mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of pharmacovigilance – Medicines safety and public health

Laporte

2016

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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“…An elevated risk has been indicated equally by some clinical and experimental observations, [2][3][4]7 whereas most epidemiologic studies failed to find an increased risk. 5,6 One of these studies had a limited sample size and may therefore have lacked power to detect an increased risk. 6 In the larger studies, 5 the measurement of allopurinol exposure has been criticized as not sufficiently distinguishing between short-term and long-term allopurinol use.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three epidemiologic studies did not show an increased risk. 5,6 Another study reported an unusual morphologic thinning of the anterior clear zone of the lens in patients receiving long-term treatment with allopurinol. 7 In the Lens Opacities Case-Control Study, wherein gout medications were found to be associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of mixed cataract, no distinction was made between allopurinol and other medications for gout.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure to Allopurinol and the Risk of Cataract Extraction in Elderly Patients

Garbe¹

1998

Arch Ophthalmol

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To determine whether exposure to allopurinol is associated with an increased risk of cataract extraction in elderly patients. Methods: We conducted a case-control study using data from the Quebec universal health insurance program for all elderly patients. The 3677 cases were patients with a cataract extraction between 1992 and 1994. The 21 868 controls were randomly selected among patients not diagnosed with cataract and matched to cases on the date of the extraction. We determined the odds ratio of cataract extraction according to the cumulative dose and duration of allopurinol use relative to nonusers, using conditional logistic regression analysis. The analysis was adjusted for the effects of age, sex, diabetes melli-tus, hypertension, glaucoma, and ophthalmic and oral corticosteroid exposure. Results: A cumulative dose of allopurinol of more than 400 g or a duration of use of longer than 3 years were associated with an increased risk of cataract extraction, with odds ratios of 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.80) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.12-2.08), respectively. No increase in risk was observed for lower cumulative doses or shorter exposure periods. Conclusion: Long-term administration of allopurinol increases the risk of cataract extraction in elderly patients.

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Allopurinol And Cataracts

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Statistical Methods in Pharmacoepidemiology

Statistical Methods in Pharmacoepidemiology

Fifty years of pharmacovigilance – Medicines safety and public health

Exposure to Allopurinol and the Risk of Cataract Extraction in Elderly Patients

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