Allophane in Volcanic Ash Soils

Birrell, K. S.; Fieldes, Mary Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1952.tb00639.x

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The coatings were essentially flat with irregular cracks on which aggregates of allophane-like material were observed. TEM showed that the product was composed of an aggregate of fine particles (Figure 2a) that exhibits a morphology similar to natural allophane (Birrell and Fieldes, 1952;Watanabe and Sudo, 1969). The XRD pattern of the product (Figure 3a) showed a 39/~ reflection due to smallangle scattering of the allophane.…”

Section: Alteration Products Of 200~ Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Kawano

Tomita

1992

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Experimental alteration of volcanic glass has been carried out in distilled water at 200~ and 150~ The formation and transformation processes ofalterution products have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SEM and TEM clearly show that amorphous aluminum-silicate coatings with allophane particles precipitate on the surface of volcanic glass during the earliest alteration stage. Noncrystalline flaky and/or fibrous materials are formed from the allophane aggregates and from the amorphous coatings as new reaction products. The flaky and/or fibrous materials curl inward and transform into 100-500 nm circular smectite. The A1/Si atomic ratio of 1.09 for allophane decreases progressively to 0.65 for smectite through 0.86 for noncrystalline transitional material. The smectite has d(06) spacing of 1.497 /~ and consists mainly of Si, A1, and small amounts of Fe, Ca, and Na.

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Section: Alteration Products Of 200~ Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Kawano

Tomita

1992

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Thc clays üf many üf the yellüw-brüwn lüams, including the present süil,* shüw the characteristics üf büth forms and are cünsidered a mixture which is called allüphane AB. Prübably the müst impürtant features üf these clays, sü far as phüsphate retention is cüncerned, are their very small particle size, less than 50 A, and very high specific-surface area, 400 m 2 /g (Birrell and Fieldes 1952). This allüws a large prüpür-tiün of the aluminium tü be present at the cüllüid surface and therefüre available tü retain phüsphate.…”

Section: General Drseussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The yellow-brown loams as a soil group are characterised by a high colloid content which has been identified as predominantly the amorphous day mineral allophane with associated amorphous hydrous oxides of aluminium, iron, and silicon (Birrell and Fieldes 1952;Fieldes 1955;Taylor 1932). Because of the difficulty of obtaining complete NEW ZEALAND JÜURNAL üF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCh (JUNl~ dispersiün withüut causing the decümpüsitiün üf the amürphüus clay, the nürmal mechanical analysis is nüt püssible ün these süils.…”

Section: General Drseussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphate topdressing on a soil from Andesitic Volcanic Ash

Saunders¹

1959

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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SummaryA comparison has been made within a single soil type, New Plymouth black loam, of soils collected from farms that differed in their phosphate topdressing management: (a) not topdressed; (b) topdressed for 25 years at 20-30 Ib P/acre/year; (c) topdressed for the last seven years at 60-80 Ib P /acre/year. Total, organic, apatite and Fe-and Al-bound phosphorus has been determined in these soils and also phosphorus soluble in dilute acids and neutral ammonium fluoride.Phosphate topdressing has had !ittle effect below 2 inches depth. In the 0-2 in. layer, it has resulted in large increases in the amount of Fe-and AI-bound phosphorus, phosphorus soluble in dilute acids and neutral ammonium fluoride, exchangeable calcium, and available phosphorus. There has been a small rise in the levels of apatite phosphorus and cation-exchange capacity, and the topdressing has had little or no effect on the soil pH and the level of organic matter and organic phosphorus. There has been a decrease in the amount of iron and aluminium extracted by sodium hydrosulphite. In each instance the change has been greater in the Heavy-P than in the Mod.-P soils, although the total amount of phosphorus added is similar for both soils.It is considered that most of the accumulated phosphate has been AI-bound and that the very strong phosphate-retaining power of this soil is due to the high content of the amorphous c1ay allophane and associated amorphous oxides of iron and aluminium, and their very high specific-surface areas.

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“…The cation exchange capacity of amorphic alumino-silicates is highly dependent upon pH, salt concentration, cations and anions used, volume of alcohol wash, and the water content of the alcohol wash used for removal of excess salts (Birrell and Fieldes, 1952;Harada, 1955;Birrell and Gradwell, 1956;Aomine and Jackson, 1959). The scatter of Besoain's data on the surface charge density-mole % AI.~O, piot may be due to the effect of different pH values and ionic strength during formation as well as to crystalline mineral impurities and possible errors in surface area measurement.…”

Section: X) [] White 1953 (Geologic Specimen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface charge density dependency on Al₂O₃ content in imogolite

Jenne

1972

Clays and clay miner.

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Allophane in Volcanic Ash Soils

Cited by 65 publications

References 7 publications

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Effect of phosphate topdressing on a soil from Andesitic Volcanic Ash

Surface charge density dependency on Al₂O₃ content in imogolite

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Allophane in Volcanic Ash Soils

Cited by 65 publications

References 7 publications

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Formation of Allophane and Beidellite during Hydrothermal Alteration of Volcanic Glass Below 200°C

Effect of phosphate topdressing on a soil from Andesitic Volcanic Ash

Surface charge density dependency on Al2O3 content in imogolite

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Surface charge density dependency on Al₂O₃ content in imogolite