Allopeptides and the alloimmune response

Bharat, Ankit; Mohanakumar, T.

doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.03.010

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…When we grafted aggregates of TM testicular cells mixed with Tu/AB testicular cells, however, the spermatogonia survived and underwent spermatogenesis even though they were alloantigeneic. As in mammals, allograft rejection in teleosts is also caused by a cell-mediated immune system (mainly T cells) [27,28]. Because germ cells are surrounded by Sertoli cells in the teleost testis, the allogeneic spermatogonia should be protected from any contact with T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Spermatogenesis and Production of Functional Sperm by Grafting of Testicular Cell Aggregates in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)1

Kawasaki

Saito

Shinya

et al. 2010

Biology of Reproduction

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The self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is essential for the continuous production of sperm throughout life in male vertebrates. The development of a functional assay to analyze these properties in isolated SSCs remains necessary. In our current study, we have developed a transplantation method for testicular cell aggregates in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in which allogeneic SSCs can undergo self-renewal and differentiation. The immature testes from juveniles are dissociated, aggregated by cultivation, and then transplanted under the abdominal skin of the recipient fish. The grafted aggregates reconstitute the appropriate testicular structures, including the lobule structure, consisting of basement membrane and interstitial steroid-producing cells on the outside, and the cysts, which comprise germ cell clusters and surrounding Sertoli cells. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation analysis indicated that continuous spermatogenesis is maintained for at least 6 mo in the reconstituted testis. Moreover, when the sperm generated from the aggregates at 3 mo postgrafting were used for artificial insemination, fertilized eggs were obtained that developed sexually mature fish. These results suggest that self-renewal of SSCs takes place in reconstituted testes under the abdominal skin and that their differentiating progeny can develop into functional sperm. Furthermore, allogeneic spermatogonia were also found to proliferate and differentiate into sperm in these grafts. Our method of grafting testicular cell aggregates should thus prove useful not only analyzing the stem cell ability of an individual SSC but also for the production of progeny from cultured SSCs or SSCs of sterile mutants with somatic cell defects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Spermatogenesis and Production of Functional Sperm by Grafting of Testicular Cell Aggregates in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)1

Kawasaki

Saito

Shinya

et al. 2010

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Indeed, inhibiting MMPs in a model of ischemiareperfusion injury resulted in lower concentrations of col(V) fragments in the transplanted lung (31). In addition, an influx of APCs to the lung in the presence of inflammation could lead to lowering the activation threshold of the T cell, and priming autoreactive T cells that could provide help for autoreactive B cells (7,42).…”

Section: Humoral Autoimmunity and Its Role In Obliterative Bronchiolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immunity and the Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis after Lung Transplantation

Emtiazjoo

Wilkes

2013

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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Lung transplantation is considered the definitive treatment for many end-stage lung diseases. However, the lung is rejected more commonly than other solid organ allografts. Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the leading cause of chronic allograft dysfunction, and the key reason why the 5-year survival of lung transplant recipients is only 50%. The pathophysiology of OB is incompletely understood. Although a clear role for the immune response to donor antigens has been observed (also known as anti-human leukocyte antigens), evidence is emerging about the role of autoimmunity to self-antigens. This review highlights the current understanding of humoral immunity in the development of OB after lung transplantation.Keywords: antibodies; lung transplant; obliterative bronchiolitis; rejection Lung transplantation remains the only treatment option for many end-stage lung diseases. However, the survival of lung allografts is limited by chronic allograft rejection, a pathological condition referred to as obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), with an incidence of 50% within 3 years after transplantation. In fact, the lung is rejected more commonly than any other solid allografts, and the 5-year survival of lung transplant recipients is approximately 50% (1).OB is a pathological entity presenting in two forms. In most cases, it is characterized by extensive peribronchiolar connective tissue deposition, the loss of bronchiolar epithelium, and progressive scarring that ultimately obliterates the small airways. Although some debate remains, proliferative forms of bronchiolitis obliterans have also been considered part of the spectrum in chronic allograft dysfunction. These lesions differ from classic OB in that their histopathology may reveal proliferating fibrous plugs of granulation tissue that protrude into and may ultimately obliterate small airways (2, 3). Because certain lung pathologies may reflect varied pathogenic mechanisms, it remains unclear whether differential immune pathways, either cellular (T cellmediated) or humoral (antibody-mediated), account for these two forms of OB.The diagnosis of OB via transbronchial biopsy is difficult because of its patchy nature in the transplanted lung. Therefore, its clinical correlate, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), defined by a sustained decline of 20 to 50% in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) relative to the maximum posttransplant, has become the standard clinical marker of OB/BOS (4).The pathophysiology of OB is incompletely understood. Several risk factors have been associated with the development of OB, including acute rejection, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, HLA antibodies, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, viral infection, gastroesophageal reflux, and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (5). Although a clear role exists for immune responses in the form of anti-donor antigen (anti-HLA) antibody formation, referred to as alloimmunity, a role has also emerged for immune responses to self-antigens (autoimmunity) in the development of OB (6-8). We will revie...

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“…The phenomenon by which the recipient immune system reacts with donor antigens that are considered to be "non-self" is called allorecognition. Foreign or donor antigen presentation to T cells may occur by either direct or indirect pathways [10] (Figure 2A). …”

Section: The Alloimmune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%