Allometric relationships between primary size measures and sapwood area for six common tree species in snow-dependent ecosystems in the Southwest United States

Mitra, Bhaskar; Papuga, S. A.; Alexánder, Mario; Swetnam, Tyson L.; Abramson, Nate

doi:10.1007/s11676-019-01048-y

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with those of previous studies for other tree species (Alsheimer et al, 1998; Dunn & Connor, 1993; Ewers et al, 2011; Kumagai et al, 2007; Tsuruta et al, 2019; Vertessy et al, 2001; Zimmermann et al, 2000), which suggests that cross‐site DBH– Q tref relationships can be determined for other tree species. The DBH– A S relationship in this study was comparable with A S data collected from different ponderosa pine forests in Oregon (Berner & Law, 2015; Ryan et al, 2000) as well as DBH– A S relationships observed in different forests under different regions and climate conditions (e.g., New Mexico and Arizona; Mitra et al, 2019) (Figure S1). This result suggests that climatic conditions have small effects on the DBH– A S relationship (Meinzer et al, 2005; Tsuruta et al, 2011), such that the equation may be applicable in other ponderosa pine forests under different climate conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between stem diameter and whole‐tree transpiration across young, mature and old‐growth ponderosa pine forests under wet and dry soil conditions

et al. 2023

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Previous studies have reported cross‐site relationships between stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and whole‐tree transpiration (Qt) across a variety of species and locations. These relationships enable us to estimate canopy transpiration rates using DBH data from forest inventory networks worldwide. However, transpiration responses to environmental conditions such as soil moisture often depend on tree species and age, suggesting that the DBH–Qt relationship varies with soil moisture conditions. In the present study, we collated Qt of 41 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) trees in young (23‐year‐old), mature (90‐year‐old) and old‐growth (250‐year‐old) forests using the sap flow technique. Sap flux density considering the radial decline (u) was three times higher in young trees than mature and old‐growth trees under wet soil conditions. The largest declines in u were observed in young trees and then mature trees when soil moisture condition changed from wet to dry. Decreases in u were smaller for old‐growth trees than for young and mature trees. The DBH–Qt relationship differed with soil moisture conditions, showing a strong linear correlation under wet condition across all four age groups but a non‐linear correlation under dry condition. u was overestimated by up to 50%, particularly in the young trees when neglecting differences in the response of u to soil water deficit among different ages. These results suggest that differences in u and its responses to soil water deficit among stand ages should be considered when applying the DBH–Qt relationship for other tree species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between stem diameter and whole‐tree transpiration across young, mature and old‐growth ponderosa pine forests under wet and dry soil conditions

et al. 2023

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“…Based on the overall strong relationship between stem diameter and sapwood area, we were also able to establish strong relationships between crown area and sapwood area in all six species. This result is meaningful because it supplies further support for the potential of estimating sapwood area based on aerial imagery (Mitra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Particularly, crown properties can later be detected and quantified at landscape scale using aerial imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Although previous attempts to establish allometric relationships between sapwood area and crown dimensions, such as crown area or crown diameter, have found that they can in fact be strong (Fregoso, 2002;Mitra et al, 2020), stem diameter still achieved the most accurate values of sapwood area. A convenient model for explaining characteristic allometric relations of different species between specific size measures, such as stem diameter, and traits, such as sapwood area, is the West-Brown-Enquist (WBE) model of West et al (1999, hereafter WBE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This is particularly true for shrub stands occurring in semi‐arid savannas, which often comprise of multi‐stemmed species. While some variability of sapwood patterns among species exists (Carrodus, 1972), fortunately, sapwood area scales reliably with various plant dimensions, such as leaf area, stem diameter and crown dimensions, which are easier to assess (Lubczynski et al, 2017; Mitra et al, 2020; West et al, 1999). Particularly, crown properties can later be detected and quantified at landscape scale using aerial imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allometric relationships between sapwood area and shrub dimensions for six common Southern African savanna bush encroacher species: Universal or species‐specific?

Hendler,

Herkenrath,

Shikangalah

et al. 2023

Ecohydrology

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Southern African savanna rangelands are facing a widespread degradation pattern called bush encroachment. This is associated with implications for various aspects of the water cycle and in particular canopy transpiration. At the individual‐tree scale, it is estimated by scaling sap‐flux density by sapwood area. However, the direct measurement of sapwood area is impracticable at landscape scale and general allometric equations of the West‐Brown‐Enquist (WBE) model relating sapwood area to primary size measures seem to fail for some species and climates. Therefore, we conducted intensive field measurements to establish species‐specific allometric relationships between sapwood area and sizes (stem diameter, crown area) in six dominant shrub species involved in bush encroachment in Namibia (Colophospermum mopane, Senegalia mellifera, Vachellia reficiens, Dichrostachys cinerea, Vachellia nebrownii, Catophractes alexandri). We found strong allometric relationships between sapwood area and stem diameter as well as between sapwood area and crown area for all six species. These relations are largely in line with the WBE theory but still provide estimates that are more accurate. Only in D. cinerea, the sapwood area was significantly smaller than predicted by the WBE theory, which might be caused by a larger need for stabilizing heartwood. Our results are useful to estimate water loss via transpiration at a large scale using remote sensing techniques and can promote our understanding of the ecohydrological conditions that drive species‐specific bush encroachment in savannas. This is particularly important in the light of climate change, which is considered to have major implications on ecohydrological processes in savannas.

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“…It was found that the contribution of aerosols to the formation of sedimentary material is close to the contribution of river suspension outside the zone of the river-sea geochemical barrier [Lisitsyn, 2014]. The sea surface is also a powerful source of aerosols generated by wave breaking and high winds [Massel, 2007;Stokes et al, 2013;Vasilenko et al, 1985].So, this zone is an active one in the interchange of sedimentary material between air and water. The surface layer of the ocean, as the most dynamic part of it, responds faster to changing environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of suspended matter distribution at the atmosphere-water boundary in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans

Nemirovskaya¹,

Гордеев²

2021

Russ. J. Earth Sci.

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The new results of studying the particle size distribution of aerosol, suspended matter and organic compounds in the suspended matter of surface waters of the South and Atlantic Oceans along the Africa-Antarctic-Southern America-English Channel route are presented. The measurements show that the fraction of 0-3 µm prevails in the particle size distribution of aerosols. The maximum amount of aerosols was found in the coastal regions of Europe (on average 29,353 p/L), and the minimum -in the coastal regions of Antarctica (on average 5197 p/L), that is due to the Antarctic ice cover on the continent. In surface waters, the distribution of suspended particulate matter and organic matter in it is mainly influenced by the frontal zones. In the Antarctic region, the development of phytoplankton at the ice -water interface in the surface water layer leads to an increase in the concentrations of suspended particulate matter and chlorophyll a and, to a lesser extent, of lipids and hydrocarbons. In the open waters of the arid oceanic zones, the influx of aerosols from the atmosphere has the most significant effect on the formation of suspended matter and organic matter in surface waters in comparison with the another parts of the oceans.

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Allometric relationships between primary size measures and sapwood area for six common tree species in snow-dependent ecosystems in the Southwest United States

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Relationship between stem diameter and whole‐tree transpiration across young, mature and old‐growth ponderosa pine forests under wet and dry soil conditions

Relationship between stem diameter and whole‐tree transpiration across young, mature and old‐growth ponderosa pine forests under wet and dry soil conditions

Allometric relationships between sapwood area and shrub dimensions for six common Southern African savanna bush encroacher species: Universal or species‐specific?

Features of suspended matter distribution at the atmosphere-water boundary in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans

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