Allometric Bone Development in Floor-Reared Broilers

Skinner, J. T.; Waldroup, P. W.

doi:10.1093/japr/4.3.265

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The ratio of Ca:P for both studied bones was greater in males (femur 2.20, tibiotarsus 2.21), as compared to females (femur 1.98, tibiotarsus 2.09). A lower Ca:P ratio (1.80-1.95) was reported by Da Silva et al (2001a) in males during growth, whereas Skinner and Waldroup (1995) found Ca: P ratios of 1.98 and 1.94 in 42-day-old male chickens and female chickens, respectively. The levels of DM, CP, Mg, and OM in the wet bone tissue of the tibiotarsus were statistically lower as compared to the femur (P < 0.01; P < 0.001), whereas the levels of ash (P < 0.001) were statistically significantly higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Suchý¹,

Straková²,

Herzig³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Selected parameters characterizing the chemical composition of bones were determined in 60 male and 60 female hybrid Ross 308 chickens aged 40 days at the end of the fattening period. The chickens received a complete feed mixture intended for pre-feeding (starter) in a period from the start of the experiment until Day 10, followed by the feed mixture intended for fattening until Day 30 (grower), and the feed mixture for the third phase of fattening, i.e. until Day 40 (finisher). The feed mixtures and drinking water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, chickens were slaughtered and the femur and the tibiotarsus from the right pelvic limb were collected and the following parameters were determined in wet tissue: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) (N × 6.25), fat, ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg); the content of organic matter was calculated. The resultant values were recalculated to 100% of DM. Differences between males and females in the chemical composition of retrieved bones were investigated. The content of CP in wet tissue from both bones ranged from 354.0 ± 11.8 to 365.1 ± 14.3 g/kg being significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the tibiotarsus. Differences between sexes were very small. The content of fat in the bones ranged from 16.12 ± 8.71 to 16.17 ± 8.85 g/kg, with higher levels of fat being detected in female chickens (17.16 ± 8.53 to 17.24 ± 8.28 g/kg) as compared to male chickens (15.01 ± 9.05 to 15.19 ± 9.12 g/kg). No statistically significant differences between the femur and the tibiotarsus were detected. The levels of ash ranged from 472.2 ± 13.1 to 480.1 ± 10.83 g/kg, being statistically higher in the tibiotarsus in both male and female chickens (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). The levels of Ca ranged from 180.4 ± 8.57 to 181.6 ± 12.32 g/kg, showing higher values in both bones from female chickens (181.7 ± 9.17 to 183.8 ± 14.71 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (179.2 ± 7.8 to 179.3 ± 8.91 g/kg). No statistically significant changes were found. The levels of P ranged from 83.17 ± 9.82 to 83.29 ± 7.42 g/kg, with higher levels being observed in female chickens (84.1 ± 9.21 to 89.8 ± 7.47 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (76.5 ± 6.93 to 82.5 ± 5.00 g/kg). The levels of P were significantly higher in the femur (P < 0.001) in female chickens and in the tibiotarsus (P < 0.001) in male chickens. The Ca:P ratios for both analysed bones was greater in males (femur 2.20, tibiotarsus 2.21), as compared to females (femur 1.98, tibiotarsus 2.09). The mean weight of male and female broiler chickens on Day 40 was 2 694 ± 32.6 g and 2 345 ± 23.9 g, respectively. In comparison with the expected performance parameters of ROSS 308 hybrid chickens, the weight increased in both male and female chickens by 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively. Although the chickens grew very quickly, no clinical signs indicating pathological changes in the bone system were found.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Suchý¹,

Straková²,

Herzig³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Therefore, it is important to identify the underlying causes of skeleton abnormalities related to metabolic diseases (Skinner & Waldroup, 1995).…”

Section: Photogrammetry: a Non-invasive And Objective Methods For Detementioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetry: a Non-Invasive and Objective Method for Detecting Locomotion Problems in Broiler Chickens

Mendes

Paixão

Sikorski

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Locomotion problems in broiler chickens can cause economic losses of up to 40% of the total revenues due to carcass condemnation and downgrading at processing. Leg disorders, such as femoral lesions, tibial dyschondroplasia, and spondylolisthesis, substantially impact the welfare of chickens as these disorders can prevent birds from reaching the feeders and drinkers, thus reducing feed and water intake. The most important issues related to broiler welfare reported in the last two decades are their growing sensitivity to metabolic and locomotion problems due to the fast growth rates and inactivity. Traditional methods for the determination of gait score include the manual scoring of animal behavior in the broiler house. Recorded video images can also be used for manual scoring of chicken gait score. However, scoring of some animal-based information by human experts and manual methods remain difficult, time consuming and expensive when implemented at farm level. In an effort to objectively detect leg disorders, this study aimed at validating the photogrammetry technique as a non-invasive method for identifying locomotion problems in broilers. Photogrammetry allows determining the geometric properties of broilers from digital photos that are processed and analyzed using a computer software. Results obtained using photogrammetry were tested for their correlation with those obtained by accepted methodologies, including gait score and macroscopic examination of femoral degeneration and tibial dyschondroplasia. The photogrammetry results agreed with the results of the afore mentioned accepted methods.

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“…Male broilers had heavier bone weight than females because males consumed more feed (Skinner & Waldroup, 1995) and presented greater mineral retention than females. Studies have shown that the weight of the tibia of male chicks is higher than that of females (Bond et al, 1991;Yalcin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Bone Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have been conducted to determine several characteristics of these leg bones. Skinner & Waldroup (1995) measured the length, diameter, and ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) contents of the tibia of broilers. Barreiro et al (2011) determined the growth of the femur of broilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Growth and Mineralization of the Femur, Tibia, and Metatarsus of Broiler Chicks

Han

Wang

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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This study aimed at comparing the growth and mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of male and female broiler chicks. On the day of hatch, 100 male and 100 female Ross 308 broiler chicks were transferred stainless cages with 10 birds per cage. On d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, five males and five females were sacrificed and their femur, tibia, and metatarsus were collected. Results showed that the tibia was the heaviest and the longest and contained the highest content of ash and calcium (Ca) among the three leg bones. The femur had the greatest diameter. The weight, length, diameter, and ash weight of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus linearly increased with age. The ash, Ca, and phosphorus (P) content in the femur and the tibia quadratically increased with age; by contrast, these parameters in the metatarsus linearly increased with age. The bones grew faster in 1 to 21 d of age. The weight, diameter, and ash weight of the three bones of males were higher than those of females. The Ca to P ratio of the three bones (femur, tibia, and metatarsus) was approximately 2.0:1. These data indicate that there are differences in bone growth and mineralization among the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of male or female broiler chicks.

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Allometric Bone Development in Floor-Reared Broilers

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Photogrammetry: a Non-Invasive and Objective Method for Detecting Locomotion Problems in Broiler Chickens

Comparison of the Growth and Mineralization of the Femur, Tibia, and Metatarsus of Broiler Chicks

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