Allogenic vs. synthetic granules for bone tissue engineering: an in vitro study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare human dental pulp stem cells’ (DPSCs) attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on allogenic and synthetic biphasic bone granules. In this in vitro study, two types of bone granules were used: allograft [freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)] and biphasic granules [hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP)]. By isolation of DPSCs, their attachment to bone granules was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) at day 1 and 7 of cultivation. Vital cells were measured by MTT assay at 1, 3, and 7 days of cell culture. Comparison of vital cells at different time points was considered as cell proliferation. Finally, differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell seeding in standard and osteogenic media. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05. Attachment of DPSCs on FDBA granules seemed relatively stronger. The number of cells (based on MTT values) and ALP activity of the cells cultured on both study groups increased between time points (p ≤ 0.001). FDBA granules had more cells compared to HA/β-TCP granules (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between ALP activity of two study groups cultured in the standard medium (p = 0.347) and they were both higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In the osteogenic medium, FDBA group had significantly higher ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP (p = 0.035) and control (p = 0.001) groups while there was no significant difference between ALP activity of HA/β-TCP and control groups (p = 0.645). In conclusion, current in vitro study revealed that FDBA granules have more potential in supporting DPSCs attachment and proliferation and inducing their ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP granules. Therefore, FDBA could serve as a proper bone substitute material.

Biocompatibility of a HA/β-TCP/C Scaffold as a Pulp-Capping Agent for Vital Pulp Treatment: An In Vivo Study in Rat Molars

“…Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are categorized as bioceramic materials with excellent biological properties, among which their non-reactivity and osteoconductivity can be highlighted [ 1 ]. Their use as bone substitutes has been extended in several medical and dental specialties [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained From Dental Tissues: A Review of the Literature

“…The role played by the behavior of the DPSC in the regeneration of bone tissue is regulated by the secretion of paracrine factors and signaling, deposition of extracellular matrix, and cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interaction, considered key factors in tissue engineering (Table 1). Studies have shown the high potential of DPSC in the regeneration of bone tissue (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and in regenerative cartilage treatments (18). It has been demonstrated that implantation of PDLSC and DPSC directly into the site of the defect may maintain their MSC characteristics after in-vivo implantation (19).…”