Allocation of visual attention to spatial locations: Tradeoff functions for event-related brain potentials and detection performance

Mangun, George R.; Hillyard, Steven A.

doi:10.3758/bf03203106

Cited by 208 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Third, no physical features, such as location in space, color, shape, spatial frequency or orientation, differentiated the distractors of the 'attend' task from those of the 'ignore' task. In contrast, such physical differences are present in classical attention protocols that produce early ERP effects (Hillyard et al, 1998;Mangun et al, 1990;Woods et al, 1992;Salmi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Distractor N100smentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast, such physical differences are present in classical attention protocols that produce early ERP effects (Hillyard et al, 1998;Mangun et al, 1990). …”

Section: Early Erps To Distractorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make sure that this was not the case and that similar amounts of early attentional resources were allocated to the processing of distractors in the 'ignore' and in the 'attend' task, the P100s and N100s elicited by distractors in the two tasks were compared. Indeed, the amplitudes of these ERPs have been shown to be smaller for stimuli to which less attention is being paid (Mangun and Hillyard, 1990). However, these P100 and N100 modulations were found when spatial location was used to define the attended and the ignored stimuli (Mangun et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…experiment) were efficient the P100s and N100s elicited by distractors were assessed in the two groups. Indeed, the amplitudes of these ERPs have been shown to be smaller for stimuli to which less attention is being paid (Mangun et al, 1990;Woods et al, 1992;Salmi et al, 2007). However, these P100 and N100 modulations were found when spatial location was used to define the attended and the ignored stimuli (Mangun et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the amplitudes of these ERPs have been shown to be smaller for stimuli to which less attention is being paid (Mangun et al, 1990;Woods et al, 1992;Salmi et al, 2007). However, these P100 and N100 modulations were found when spatial location was used to define the attended and the ignored stimuli (Mangun et al, 1990). When spatial location does not vary across trials and when attentional selection mechanisms are based on object features (e.g., color, shape, spatial frequency or orientation) it seems that it is rather the frontal selection positivity and the occipital selection negativity (FSP/OSN) that are affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

et al. 2008

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We tested whether the N400 event-related potential (ERP) indexes the integration of semantic knowledge in the context or whether it indexes the inhibition of activated, but inappropriate, knowledge. A distractor-prime-target word sequence was presented in each trial. Subjects had to make semantic relatedness judgments on prime-target pairs. In the first experiment, subjects had an additional task. They either had to ignore or to attend to distractors. In critical conditions, that is, when distractors were related to targets, the times to make the prime-target semantic relatedness judgments were longer when subjects had to attend to distractors than when they had to ignore them. In accordance with the inhibition hypothesis, the amplitudes of the N400 elicited by distractors were larger in the ignore than in the attend task. In the second experiment, the same distractor-prime-target triplets were used. However, there was no additional task. Subjects only had to make the prime-target semantic-relatedness judgment. They were then split in two subgroups: the good ignorers, who did not take much longer to make the judgment in critical than in control conditions, and the poor ignorers, that is, those who did take much longer. Results were again consistent with the inhibition idea. The amplitudes of the N400s evoked by distractors were larger in the good than in the poor ignorers. The results of these two studies are taken together to support the idea that N400 index a semantic inhibition rather than an integration effort. IntroductionThe N400 is a brain potential that is elicited by the presentation of potentially meaningful stimuli in tasks that do not focus on the elementary physical features of these stimuli. Several hypotheses as to the nature of the computations performed by the brain process that are responsible for this potential have been proposed. Recently, some consideration has been given to the possibility that the N400 potential indexes not only activation but also inhibition processes (Barber et al., 2004;

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Section: Distractor N100smentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast, such physical differences are present in classical attention protocols that produce early ERP effects (Hillyard et al, 1998;Mangun et al, 1990). …”

Section: Early Erps To Distractorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

et al. 2008

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Covariations in ERP and PET measures of spatial selective attention in human extrastriate visual cortex

et al. 1997

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In a previous study using positron emission tomography (PET), we demonstrated that focused attention to a location in the visual field produced increased regional cerebral blood flow in the fusiform gyrus contralateral to the attended hemifield (Heinze et al. [1994]: Nature 372:543). We related these effects to modulations in the amplitude of the P1 component (80-130 msec latency) of the visual event-related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded from the same subjects, under the identical stimulus and task conditions. Here, we replicate and extend these findings by showing that attention effects in the fusiform gyrus and the P1 component were similarly modulated by the perceptual load of the task. When subjects performed a perceptually demanding symbol-matching task within the focus of spatial attention, the fusiform activity and P1 component of the ERP were of greater magnitude than when the subjects performed a less perceptually demanding task that required only luminance detection at the attended location. In the latter condition, both the PET and ERP attention effects were reduced. In addition, in the present data significant activations were also obtained in the middle occipital gyrus contralateral to the attended hemifield, thereby demonstrating that multiple regions of extrastriate visual cortex are modulated by spatial attention. The findings of covariations between the P1 attention effect and activity in the posterior fusiform gyrus reinforce our hypothesis that common neural sources exist for these complementary, but very different measures of human brain activity.

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Spatio-temporal dynamics of attention to color: Evidence from human electrophysiology

1998

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This study characterized patterns of brain electrical activity associated with selective attention to the color of a stimulus. Multichannel recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained while subjects viewed randomized sequences of checkerboards consisting of isoluminant red or blue checks superimposed on a grey background. Stimuli were presented foveally at a rapid rate, and subjects were required to attend to the red or blue checks in separate blocks of trials and to press a button each time they detected a dimmer target stimulus of the attended color. An early negative ERP component with an onset latency of 50 ms was sensitive to stimulus color but was unaffected by the attentional manipulation. ERPs elicited by attended and unattended stimuli began to diverge after approximately 100 ms following stimulus onset. Inverse dipole modelling of the attended-minus-unattended difference waveform indicated that an initial positive deflection with an onset latency of 100 ms had a source in lateral occipital cortex, while a subsequent negative deflection with an onset at 160 ms had a source in inferior occipito-temporal cortex. Longer-latency attention-sensitive components were localized to premotor frontal areas (onset at 190 ms) and to more anterior regions of the fusiform gyrus (onset at 240 ms). These source localizations correspond closely with cortical areas that were identified in previous neuroimaging studies as being involved in color-selective processing. The present ERP data thus provide information about the time course of stimulus selection processes in cortical areas that subserve attention to color.

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Allocation of visual attention to spatial locations: Tradeoff functions for event-related brain potentials and detection performance

Cited by 208 publications

References 49 publications

Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

Covariations in ERP and PET measures of spatial selective attention in human extrastriate visual cortex

Spatio-temporal dynamics of attention to color: Evidence from human electrophysiology

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