Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Abstract

Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a herbal medicine. It possesses biological activity against metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of AH root water extract (AHR) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of AHR significantly suppressed body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum leptin levels, and adipocyte cell size in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, AHR significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP)-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as fatty acid synthesis genes, such as SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. Serum triglyceride levels were also lowered by AHR, likely as a result of the upregulating gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, in the liver. AHR treatment activated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which might have promoted HSL and LPL-medicated lipolysis, thereby reducing white adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, AHR treatment can improve metabolic alterations induced by HFD in mice by modifying expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and liver.

Anti-Allergic Rhinitis Effects of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Metabolites via Suppression of the Immune System: A Mechanistic Review

“…The activity of W. villosa in inhibiting histamine release was moderate since there was not so much of significant difference when a higher dose of its extract was used. Apart from its antiallergic rhinitis effect, the ethyl acetate extract of W. villosa modulated tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) related signaling, primarily via the Smad2/3 and Smad7 (gene chromosomes) signaling pathways, in bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis subject, suggesting that it has antifibrotic effects against cholestatic liver injury ( Kim et al, 2019). Other mechanisms suggested that the ethyl acetate extract of W. villosa regulated fibrogenic cytokines, especially TGF-β (Lee et al, 2016).…”

“…Besides, it also downregulated NF-κB signaling pathways that consequently reduced proinflammatory mediators. Moreover, it could inhibit adipogenesis by promoting lipolysis by suppressing adipogenic factors expression including controlled amino acid therapy (CAAT)/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in 3T3-L1(mouse cell line) adipocytes (Kim et al, 2019).…”

Alliin inhibits adipocyte differentiation by downregulating Akt expression: Implications for metabolic disease

“…Allium vegetables comprise one of the natural sources of organosulfur compounds and show advantages in therapeutic application, mostly owing to their cardiovascular protective effects, lowering of cholesterol, and anti-cancer properties ( 21 ). In addition, Allium has possibly beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity by adipogenesis inhibition ( 22 ), energy expenditure increase ( 23 ) and influence on expression of inflammatory mediators from serum ( 24 ). The synthesis of alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, SACSO), considered to be the major component of garlic, was first reported by Stoll and Seebeck in 1951( 25 ).…”

Antioxidant Activity of Sprouts Extracts Is Correlated with Their Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…Oral treatment with the TS extract (40-300 mg/kg BW) exerted the antifatigue and antioxidant activities in various animal models [37][38][39]. Additively, treatment with the ethanol extract of Mulberry leaves or Aralia elata sprouts (50 mg/kg BW) resulted in reduction of body weight and fat weight in HFD-fed mice [40,41] and modulation of activities of antioxidant enzymes in carcinogen-treated mice [42].…”