Allium cepa test vs. insecticides: a scientometric and meta-analytical review

Mota, Thaís Fernandes Mendonça; Sampaio, Amanda Roberta; Vasconcelos, Marina Wust; Ghisi, Nédia de Castilhos

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15953-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…With its large chromosomes (2n = 16) and rapid root growth, the Allium cepa test system is well suited for determining the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticides. As a short-term indicator, it allows assessing the score of the mitotic index (MI), the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and aberrant chromosomes (ACs), as well as the levels of oxidative stress and growth 18 . The most important merit of this test system is that the results obtained from the A. cepa assay have an extremely high correlation with analyses in mammals 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole

Macar

Çavuşoğlu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Etoxazole is among the systemic pesticides with acaricidal and insecticidal characteristics. This paper reports the first evaluation of the toxic effects of Etoxazole on Allium cepa L. Etoxazole solutions were applied to three groups formed from A. cepa bulbs at 0.125 mL/L, 0.25 mL/L and 0.5 mL/L doses, respectively. The control group was treated with tap water throughout the experimental period. The toxic effects of Etoxazole became more apparent as the dose of Etoxazole was increased. The growth-limiting effect was most pronounced in the highest dose group with approximately 29%, 70% and 58.5% reductions in germination percentage, root elongation and weight gain, respectively. The genotoxic effect of Etoxazole was most severe in the 0.5 mL/L dose group. In this group, the mitotic index decreased by 30% compared to the control group, while the micronucleus frequency increased to 45.3 ± 3.74. The most observed aberrations were fragment, vagrant chromosome, sticky chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, reverse polarization and nucleus with vacuoles. The malondialdehyde level showed a gradual increase with increasing Etoxazole doses and reached 2.7 times that of the control group in the 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole applied group. Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities increased in the groups exposed to 0.125 mL/L and 0.25 mL/L Etoxazole with dose dependence and decreased abruptly in the group treated with 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole. Etoxazole triggered meristematic cell damages, such as epidermis cell damage, thickening of cortex cell walls, flattened cell nucleus and indistinct transmission tissue. Considering the versatile toxicity induced by Etoxazole, we announce that this chemical has the potential to cause serious damage to non-target organisms. It should be noted that the higher the dose of exposure, the more severe the level of damage. This study will be an important reminder to limit the indiscriminate use of this highly risky agrochemical.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole

Macar

Çavuşoğlu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Environmentally realistic concentrations of eprinomectin induce phytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa

Souza

Guimarães

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Eprinomectin, a veterinary drug within the family of avermectins, is widely used in the agricultural sector to combat a variety of parasites, mainly nematodes. However, only 10% of the drug is metabolized in the organism, so large quantities of the drug are released into the environment through urine and/or feces. Soil is the first and main environmental compartment to be contaminated by it, and nontargeted organisms can be affected. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity (through the evaluation of germination, root development, and germination speed) and genotoxicity (through an assessment of the induction of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations) of eprinomectin. For the analyses, Allium cepa seeds were germinated in soil contaminated with a range of concentrations of eprinomectin: from 0.5 to 62.5 μg/g for the genotoxicity test and from 0.5 to 128.0 μg/g for the phytotoxicity test. The results showed that seed germination was not affected, but root development was affected at concentrations of 0.5 μg/g, 1.0 μg/g, 4.0 μg/g, 8.0 μg/g, 64.0 μg/g, and 128.0 μg/g, and germination speed was significantly changed at concentrations of 1.0 μg/g, 4.0 μg/g, 16.0 μg/g, 32.0 μg/g, and 64.0 μg/g. Significant differences in the mitotic index and genotoxicity index were observed only at concentrations of 2.5 μg/g and 12.5 μg/g, respectively. Only the 0.5 μg/g concentration did not show significant induction of micronuclei in the meristematic cells, but the damage observed at other concentrations did not persist in F 1 cells. According to the results, eprinomectin is both phytotoxic and genotoxic, so the release of eprinomectin into the environment should be minimized.

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Lycopene: an antioxidant product reducing dithane toxicity in Allium cepa L.

Macar

Çavuşoğlu

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The current study was undertaken to assess the attenuating potential of lycopene against Dithane toxicity in Alliumcepa L. roots. A.cepa bulbs were arranged in 6 groups. The control group was treated with tap water while the other groups were treated with 215 mg/L lycopene, 430 mg/L lycopene, 500 mg/L Dithane, 500 mg/L Dithane + 215 mg/L lycopene and 500 mg/L Dithane + 430 mg/L lycopene, respectively. When the treatments were completed, growth inhibition, biochemical, genotoxicity and meristematic cell injury analyses were performed. Lycopene did not cause any toxic effect when applied alone. While rooting percentage, root elongation, weight gain and mitotic index (MI) decreased in response to Dithane exposure, the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the catalytic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased. Dithane promoted fragment, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, nucleus bud and reverse polarization formation in meristem cells. Dithane also provoked meristematic cell injuries, including indistinct appearance of vascular tissue, epidermis cell damage and flattened cell nucleus. Lycopene mitigated all damage types, depending on the lycopene dose applied with Dithane. Hence, the data analysis revealed that lycopene provides exceptional antioxidant protection against the fungicide Dithane, which has devastating toxic potential.

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Allium cepa test vs. insecticides: a scientometric and meta-analytical review

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole

Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole

Environmentally realistic concentrations of eprinomectin induce phytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa

Lycopene: an antioxidant product reducing dithane toxicity in Allium cepa L.

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