Allicin disrupts the cell's electrochemical potential and induces apoptosis in yeast

Gruhlke, Martin C. H.; Portz, Daniela; Stitz, Michael; Ali, Anwar; Schneider, Thomas; Jacob, Claus; Schlaich, Nikolaus Ludwig; Slusarenko, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.019

Cited by 74 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, the amount of GSH in treated test animals decreased as imidacloprid concentration rose. The change of total GSH amount is similar to the effect of allicin on the glutathione pool of yeast cells in which treated cells contain smaller amounts of total GSH than untreated cells (Gruhlke et al 2010) as well as a decline in the total GSH concentration that has been reported in earthworms (Eisenia fetida andrei) exposed to benzo(a)pyrene spiked artificial soil (1 g kg −1 soil) (Saint-Denis et al 1999) Our results indicated that three paradigms are possibly relevant to the effect of imidacloprid on cellular changes in Collembola. In the first scenario, part of the GSH pool would be used in a GST-catalyzed reaction to form imidacloprid conjugates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The samples were centrifuged at 20,000g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatants were collected and determined for total GSH using a standard enzymatic recycling assay in the presence of glutathione reductase (GR) (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) as described by Griffith (1980) and Gruhlke et al (2010) with minor modifications. Briefly, GSH was oxidized to GSSG by 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) and catalyzed by GR in the presence of NADPH (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany).…”

Section: Determination Of Glutathione In Collembolamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Sillapawattana

Schäffer

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chemical analyses of the environment can document contamination by various xenobiotics, but it is also important to understand the effect of pollutants on living organisms. Thus, in the present work, we investigated the effect of the pesticide imidacloprid on the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Folsomia candida (Collembola), a standard test organism for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on non-target soil arthropods. Test animals were treated with different concentrations of imidacloprid for 48 h. Changes in steady-state levels of GST messenger RNA (mRNA) and GST enzyme activity were investigated. Extracted proteins were separated according to their sizes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the resolved protein bands were detected by silver staining. The size of the glutathione (GSH) pool in Collembola was also determined. A predicted protein sequence of putative GSTs was identified with animals from control group. A 3-fold up-regulation of GST steady-state mRNA levels was detected in the samples treated with 5.0 mg L imidacloprid compared to the control, while a 2.5- and 2.0- fold up-regulation was found in organisms treated with 2.5 and 7.5 mg L imidacloprid, respectively. GST activity increased with increasing imidacloprid amounts from an initial activity of 0.11 μmol min mg protein in the control group up to 0.25 μmol min mg protein in the sample treated with the 5.0 mg L of pesticide. By contrast, the total amount of GSH decreased with increasing imidacloprid concentration. The results suggest that the alteration of GST activity, steady-state level of GST mRNA, and GSH level may be involved in the response of F. candida to the exposure of imidacloprid and can be used as biomarkers to monitor the toxic effects of imidacloprid and other environmental pollutants on Collembola.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Determination Of Glutathione In Collembolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Sillapawattana

Schäffer

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The samples were centrifuged at 20,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were collected and determined for total GSH using a standard enzymatic recycling assay in the presence of glutathione reductase (GR) (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) as described by Griffith [27] and Gruhlke et al [28] with minor modifications. Briefly, GSH was oxidized to GSSG by 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) and catalyzed by GR in the presence of NADPH (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of silver nanoparticles on the standard soil arthropod Folsomia candida (Collembola) and the eukaryote model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2016

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BackgroundBecause of their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used and have come into contact with the environment. In the present work, an effect of AgNPs on a standard soil organism, Folsomia candida, was studied (in comparison to silver nitrate) focusing on molecular and cellular alterations as ecotoxicological endpoints.ResultsAt the molecular level, an up-regulation of metallothionein-containing protein (MTC) mRNA in AgNP-treated groups indicated toxic heavy metal stress effects caused by the release of silver ions from AgNPs, which is similar to animal groups treated with silver nitrate. Alteration of the steady-state level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA was detected in animal treated with AgNPs and AgNO3. At the cellular level, the relation between GST activity and the size of the glutathione (GSH) was examined. Change of GST activity from different animal groups was not significant, whereas the GSH pool (reduced and oxidized forms) decreased with increasing concentration of AgNPs. In order to obtain direct evidence whether AgNPs cause oxidative stress, treated animals were incubated with the non-fluorescent probe, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). A fluorescence signal was observed in both AgNPs- and AgNO3-treated groups pointing to the production of reactive species (RS). Since RS formation in F.candida is difficult to quantify, yeast strain BY4742 (wild-type) and mutants lacking of oxidative stress-related protective enzymes were exploited as a further eukaryote model organism. AgNPs and AgNO3 were found to also affect growth of yeast and induced oxidative stress.ConclusionsAn effect of AgNPs on Collembola and yeast strains is similar to the one from AgNO3. However, AgNPs is less toxic due to the slow release of silver ions. In summary, the toxic effect of AgNPs on F. candida is caused by the combination of the release of silver ions from AgNPs and the formation of reactive species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0095-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Polysulfanes, in particular, show considerable promise in the context of antimicrobial and anticancer drug development as well as in the field of 'green' and eco-friendly pesticides. 3 Interestingly, many of the properties associated with such polysulfanes (Fig. 1) are also found in the S 8 ring of * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Antimicrobial Activity Associated with Sulfur Nanoparticles

Schneider

Baldauf²,

Ba³

et al. 2011

j biomed nanotechnol

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Many sulfur compounds are known to exhibit widespread antimicrobial activity. The latter is often the result of an intricate redox biochemistry whereby reactive sulfur species, such as organic polysulfanes, interact with pivotal cellular signaling pathways. The S 8 unit in elemental sulfur resembles certain aspects of the chemistry of polysulfanes. As a consequence, water-soluble S 8 -sulfur nanoparticles are active against some smaller organisms, including nematodes, yet are non-toxic against human cells. In contrast, selenium and tellurium nanoparticles are less active. Together, the ease of production of the sulfur nanoparticles, their chemical stability in aqueous dispersion, amenable physical properties and selective toxicity, turn sulfur nanoparticles into promising antimicrobial prototypes for medical as well as agricultural applications.

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Allicin disrupts the cell's electrochemical potential and induces apoptosis in yeast

Cited by 74 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Effect of silver nanoparticles on the standard soil arthropod Folsomia candida (Collembola) and the eukaryote model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Selective Antimicrobial Activity Associated with Sulfur Nanoparticles

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