Allicin Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Damage via Microbiota-Regulated Short-Chain Fatty Acids-TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Cascade Response in Acrylamide-Induced Rats

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA) is a heat-induced toxicant, which can cause severe damage to health. In the present study, SD rats were used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of allicin dietary supplementation in the rats with AA-induced intestinal injury. The elevated expression of occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), mucin 2, and mucin 3 indicated that oral allicin alleviated the intestinal epithelial barrier breakage induced by AA, compared with the AA-treated group. In the gut microbiota, Bacteroides, Escherichia_Shigella, Dubosiella, and Alloprevotella related to the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were negatively affected by AA, while allicin regulated cascade response of the microbiota-SCFAs signaling to reverse the reduction of acetic acid and propionic acid by AA treatment. Allicin also dramatically down-regulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-κB signaling pathway proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines by promoting the production of SCFAs in AA-treated rats. Allicin relieved the intestinal barrier injury and inflammation caused by AA as evidenced by the regulation cascade response of the microbiota-SCFAs-TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, allicin is highly effective in the treatment and prevention of AA-induced intestinal injury.

Allicin in Digestive System Cancer: From Biological Effects to Clinical Treatment

“…In addition to against bacteria, allicin has also been shown to modulate the composition of gut microbiota (GM) and increase the diversity of beneficial bacteria in animal models ( Guillamón et al, 2021 ). Allicin has been found to play a role in improving intestinal epithelial barrier function and preventing barrier damage via a microbiota-regulated short-chain fatty acid-TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB cascade response in an acrylamide-induced rat model ( Yuan et al, 2021 ; Gao et al, 2022 ). Researchers suggested that allicin could block intestinal bacterial translocation by increasing the immunologic barrier function of mesenteric lymph nodes by modulating dendritic cell maturation ( Zhang Y. et al, 2017 ).…”

Qiliqiangxin Modulates the Gut Microbiota and NLRP3 Inflammasome to Protect Against Ventricular Remodeling in Heart Failure

“…It is also related to TMAO production ( Sardu et al, 2021 ). Oscillibacter ( Chen et al, 2020 ; Dessì et al, 2021 ), Roseburia ( Cornuault et al, 2020 ), Bacteroides ( Yuan et al, 2021 ), Paraprevotella ( Fei et al, 2019 ; Zhang X. et al, 2021 ), Phascolarctobacterium ( Pan et al, 2021 ), and Intestinimonas ( Afouda et al, 2019 ; Luo et al, 2021 ) exert promoting effects in the SCFA generation or associate positively with its content. Oscillibacter, furthermore, exhibited the potential of anti-inflammation and an intestinal defense barrier ( Chen et al, 2021 ).…”

Role of gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis: Focus on immune cells

“…In terms of innate immune cells, SCFAs restrain pro‐inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting HDAC activity while promoting anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 expression in macrophages 66 . The production of SCFAs can downregulate the expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, NF‐κB signalling pathway proteins and pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐12 in macrophages 67 . Moreover, SCFAs inhibit the maturation of DCs and regulate the production of cytokines and chemokines 68 .…”

“…66 The production of SCFAs can downregulate the expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, NF-κB signalling pathway proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 in macrophages. 67 Moreover, SCFAs inhibit the maturation of DCs and regulate the production of cytokines and chemokines. 68 Specifically, SCFAs decrease IL-12 production in DCs while upregulating IL-23 and IL-10 production.…”