Alleviative effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on HFD/STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice

Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates Early Hepatic Injury via Inhibiting PPARγ- and Ang II-Related Inflammation and Fibrosis in Type II Diabetic Mice

“…Besides the regulation of PPARγ pathway and RAS, some researchers believe that suppression of oxidative stress might be an important mechanism for the protective effects of Rg 3 on the heart, nerves, kidneys or liver. [35][36][37] Interestingly, other researchers believe that activation of oxidative stress might be an important mechanism of Rg 3 's anti-tumor effects. [38][39][40] It is hard to tell the causal relationship between Rg 3 's effects on oxidative stress and its effects on cancer cells or normal tissues.…”

Knockdown of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 reduces renal fibrosis and inflammation by blocking transforming growth factor-β1-activated JNK1 activation in diabetic mice

“…Resveratrol ameliorated hypoxia-induced neuronal inflammation by modulating TRPM2 channels [ 47 ]. In our research, an inflammatory response was observed in mice with DN as previously described [ 29 , 36 ]. However, this renal inflammation was reversed by TRPM2 knockdown.…”

“…In addition, JNK phosphorylation is closely associated with the exacerbation of inflammation by enhancing the NF-κB pathway [ 50 ]. Furthermore, MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of of DN [ 29 ]. TRPM2-mediated chemokine production was associated with JNK pathway activation in lipopolysaccharide-treated microglia [ 51 ] and monocytes [ 17 ].…”

“…We used a high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma, USA) injection model to establish T2D as previously described [ 21 – 29 ]. 8-week-old male mice were fed either a HFD (60% of calories from fat, Research Diets, #MD12033, Meidisen, China) or normal chow.…”

Panax Ginseng C.A.Mey. as Medicine: The Potential Use of Panax Ginseng C.A.Mey. as a Remedy for Kidney Protection from a Pharmacological Perspective

“…Intriguing new data suggest that Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. could minimize renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis ( Liu et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ). This finding is pertinent to the pathologic phenotype of KD, which is characterized by features of destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier involving podocyte, basement membrane and endotheliocyte ( Thomas et al, 2015 ).…”