Alleviation of the adverse effects of NaCl on germination of maize grains by calcium

Abstract

The lengths of roots and shoots, fresh and dry matter yield, and the contents of insoluble saccharides and free amino acids were reduced with the rise in NaCl concentration. However, under combination of NaC1 with Ca 2+ ions, these parameters generally raised. Contents of soluble saccharides, proline and quaternary ammonium compounds increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but under addition of CaCl 2 or CaSO4, contents of these compounds were decreased. Low concentrations of NaC1 stimulated soluble proteins production, but higher concentrations decreased the content of soluble proteins. Addition of Ca 2+ in the media did not improve the soluble protein production. Insoluble proteins content was increased with the rise of salinity level, but these effects were more pronotaiced with NaC1 and CaCl 2 or CaSO 4 than with NaC1 only.Soil salinity is a worldwide problem hampering productivity of several agricultural crops. Many attempts have been made to alleviate the effect of sodium chloride on plant cells. Some of these studies concentrated on the effect of added Ca 2+ in counteracting the inhibitory effect of NaCI salinization on plants (e.g. Hyder and Greenway 1965, Chaudri and Wiebe 1968, Leopold and Willing 1984.The present investigation was undertaken to study the interactive effect of NaC1 salinity and Ca 2+ applied as CaCI 2 or CaSO 4 on germination, growth and some metabolic pools of maize plants.The germination experiments were performed as described by Maftoun and Sepaskhah (1978). Seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) were placed on absorbant pads in Petri-dishes to which 25 cm 3 of the nutrient solution with NaCI of different concentration (0.0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200 mM) and with CaCI 2 or CaSO 4 (5raM) solution was added. Seeds were considered to be germinated after the radicle emerged from the testa. After 10 d of germination the length of the roots and of

Effects of different levels of saline water on infection of tomato by Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold

“…Application of NaCl at concentrations on 50 at 150mM with inoculated by B.cinerea enhanced the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight compared to the plants inoculated and irrigated by distilled water, which may be increase tolerance or plant response to salt. Other results that support what has been shown here, are those by Amira and Abdul Qados (2011) with his study on Vicia faba; Hamada (1995) on maize Zea mays L; Memon et al (2010) in their study on Brassica campestris L; and ûnally by Misra et al (1997) with their study on rice seedlings Oryza sativa L. vr. Damodar, where they showed that the use of low levels of salt stress led to increases in plants lengths.…”

An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

“…However, the inhibitory effect of salt stress depends on various factors such as salt concentration, time interval, plant species and varieties, photochemical quenching capacity, plant growth stages, stress type, gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and environmental conditions [21]. It was concluded in various studies on Zea mays L. [37], Oryza sativa L. seedlings [38], Vigna unguiculata L. [39], Brassica campestris L. [40], and Vicia faba L. [41] that a low level of salinization increased plant length. However, higher concentrations of sodium chloride salt reduced the plant height of Vigna mungo L., [42], Helianthus annuus L. [43], and Tanacetum parthenium L. [44].…”

Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on physiological and agronomic properties of beans Vicia faba

“…Globally, a decrease of the length and weight of the shoots and roots was recorded by increasing TWW dose. This decrease could be related to the high amount of salts present in TWW as reported by [36,37,38,39,40,41] who assessed the effect of salts on different plants and they found that it could cause several changes through negative effects on photosynthesis process, changes in enzymatic activity, decrease on the carbohydrates level and growth hormones. Otherwise, metal content in TWW can exert an inhibitory effect on growth parameters, then they are strongly poisonous to the metabolic activities.…”