Alleviation of Salt Stress in Nigella Sativa L. By Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobacteria

Abstract

Salinity is one of the extremely serious abiotic stresses for plants, affecting other subsequent consequences such as oxidative stress, which finally leads to cell death. A pot experiment was performed during 2014 / 2015 and 2015/ 2016 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, to elucidate the alleviation of salinity effects by spraying gibberellic acid (GA 3), Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp. Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and the combination between GA 3 +(PGPR) and their effects on the vegetative growth, yield characters, chemical composition and fixed oil percentage of black cumin plant. Salinity concentrations were 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm sea water diluted compared with fresh water as control, GA 3 was used at 100 ppm and PGPR at10%. Salinity treatments significantly decreased plant height, number of branches, plant dry weight, number of capsules, number of roots per plant, root volume, roots fresh and dry weights, capsules yield, seed yield /plant and 1000 seeds weight compared with control. Salinity also decreased chlorophyll content, fixed oil percentage and relative water content. However, proline content, peroxidase and catalase activities, membrane permeability and total soil soluble salts were increased relative to the control. GA 3 or PGPR treatments alleviated the above mentioned undesirable effects of salinity. The increment of enzymes activities and proline accumulation due to GA 3 or PGPR treatments are suggested to involve as part of the defense versus salinity on Nigella sativa L plants. To reduce the unfavorable salinity influences, treatment of GA 3 at 100 ppm or PGPR at10% was recommended.

Exogenous Application of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Improves the Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes in Lavandula dentata L. under Salinity Stress

“…This lessened the adverse effects of salinity on leaves' water content without significant differences in between during both growing seasons. A decrease in relative water content under saline conditions is in harmony with the previous results on Nigella sativa [40] and Cassia italica [41] that significantly declined the growth of these plants. In addition, the GABA-treated plants not only maintained high leaf relative water content, but also ameliorated the negative impacts induced by salinity than non-GABA-treated plants in salt-stressed Cassia italica, maize, and rice seedlings.…”

Effect of Saline Irrigation Water, Gibberellic Acid(GA3) and Biofertilizers on Growth, Flowers Yield and Oil Production of Matricaria Chamomilla, L.plants

“…Increasing biofertilizer levels gradually increased plant total dry weight and 10 g nitrobein + 10 g phosphorein gave the highest plant dry weight of 11.54 and 15.23 gfollowed by 5 g nitrobein + 5 g phosphorein (10.78 and 14.49 g in the first and second seasons, respectively). That could be attributed to effect of biofertilizers on plant hormones creation, improving phosphorus solubilization and nutrient mobilization and hence increasing plant growth (Rashed et al,2017) on Nigella sativa. The present results are in agreement with those obtained by Eid and El-Gawwas(2002) on marjoram, Hassan et al(2015)on Rosmarinus officinalis.…”

“…Biofertilizer application significantly increased by 19.16 and 33.66 heads with 5 g nitrobein + 5 g phosphorein and 10 g nitrobein + 10 g phosphorein in the first season and 97.65 and 59.97 heads, respectively, in the second season over than the control . Positive effect of biofertilizer could be due to plant hormone creation , phosphorus solubilization and nutrient mobilization (Rashed et al, 2017) on Nigella sativa. These findings are in agreement with those of Mashhadi et al (2017) on chamomile.…”

Exogenous SA Applications Alleviate Salinity Stress via Physiological and Biochemical changes in St John’s Wort Plants

“…Several strategies have been recommended to cope with the adverse effects of salt stress, including the use of biostimulants, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; increased use of organic matter; application of lime; and use of different irrigation patterns [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In addition to these methods, treatment with phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, is widely reported to confer stress tolerance in several crops [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”