Alleviation of mycotoxin biodegradation agent on zearalenone and deoxynivalenol toxicosis in immature gilts

Abstract

BackgroundThe current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA, composed of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G and Devosia sp. ANSB714) on relieving zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxicosis in immature gilts.MethodsA total of forty pre-pubertal female gilts (61.42 ± 1.18 kg) were randomly allocated to four diet treatments: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, ZEA 596.86 μg/kg feed and DON 796 μg/kg feed); COA (CO + 2 g MBA/kg feed); MOA (MO + 2 g MBA/kg feed). Each treatment contained 10 replicates with 1 gilt per replicate. Gilts were housed in an environmentally controlled room with the partially slatted floor.ResultsDuring the entire experimental period of 28 d, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of gilts in MO group was significantly reduced compared with those in CO group. The vulva size of gilts was significantly higher in MO group than CO group. In addition, significant increases in the plasma levels of IgA, IgG, IL-8, IL-10 and PRL were determined in MO group compared with that in CO group. ZEA and DON in the diet up-regulated apoptotic caspase-3 in ovaries and uteri, along with down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ovaries. The supplementation of MBA into diets co-contaminated with ZEA and DON significantly increased ADG, decreased the vulva sizes, reduced the levels of IgG, IL-8 and PRL in plasma, and regulated apoptosis in ovaries and uteri of gilts.ConclusionsThe present results indicated that feeding diet contaminated with ZEA and DON simultaneously (596.86 μg/kg + 796 μg/kg) had detrimental effects on growth performance, plasma immune function and reproductive status of gilts. And MBA could reduce the negative impacts of these two toxins, believed as a promising feed additive for mitigating toxicosis of ZEA and DON at low levels in gilts.

Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture alleviates oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by dietary zearalenone in first-parity gestation sows

“…Researches have indicated that oxidative stress plays critical roles in the cytotoxic mechanism of mycotoxins ( Hassen et al., 2007 ). It has been reported that ZEA can induce oxidative stress, which can cause damages to organs including the liver and kidney with subsequent changes in some enzymatic parameters and cells including cleavages of proteins, endogenous DNA lesions and lipid peroxidation in gilts ( Shi et al., 2018 ) and mouse ( Hou et al., 2013 ). SOD and GSH-Px as the key enzymes of antioxidant system can scavenge free radicals generated from oxidant stress, reduce oxidative damage, and maintain cell structure.…”

“…Results from our previous studies also demonstrated that the Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G could degrade ZEA efficiently by 84.6%, 66.3% and 83.0% in naturally contaminated corn, distiller's dried grains with soluble and commercial pig feed, respectively ( Lei et al., 2014 ). Furthermore, we found that B. subtilis ANSB01G culture could ameliorate the negative effects of ZEA on reproductive performance in the sexually-immature or pre-pubertal gilts ( Shi et al., 2018 ; Zhao et al., 2015 ), suggesting that B. subtilis ANSB01G might be a potential mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA) for detoxifying ZEA. However, whether a low dose of dietary ZEA (a little higher than the Chinese limited value of ZEA, 100 μg/kg) presents a toxic damage to gestation gilts, and the effect of B. subtilis ANSB01G culture on the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis responses induced by low-dose ZEA exposure have never been studied in first-parity gestation sows.…”

“…Therefore, animals in the period of active fertility such as the gilts and sows are very sensitive to ZEA ( Zielonka et al., 2015 ). In addition to hepatotoxic, haematotoxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic effects, it is well documented that the oestrogenicity of ZEA and its metabolites cause numerous reproductive dysfunctions in gilts and sows ( Abbes et al., 2006 ; Shi et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2012a , 2012b ).…”

Transcriptional analysis of deoxynivalenol‐induced apoptosis of sow ovarian granulosa cell

“…The whole follicular development process is accompanied by apoptosis, and the apoptosis of adult animal granulosa cells contributes to regulation of egg ovulation or occlusion (Liu et al, ; Majd, Azizian, Tabandeh, & Shahriari, ). Previous research reports that feeding diet contaminated with ZEA and DON simultaneously (596.86 μg/kg + 796 μg/kg) had detrimental effects on reproductive status of gilts (Shi et al, ). Research has shown that deoxynivalenol adding to the bovine ovary of theca cells in vitro increased the apoptosis of bovine ovary theca cells and reduced steroid production (Guerrero‐Netro, Estienne, Chorfi, & Price, ).…”

Effects of absorbents on growth performance, blood profiles and liver gene expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

“…It is therefore important to minimize the AFB exposure to prevent its detrimental effects. Recently, strategies, such as adsorption method, biodegradation and chemical treatment, have been proposed to alleviate the toxic effects of mycotoxins on livestock [3,[8][9]. Among them, supplementation of adsorbent is the most suitable approach to detoxify mycotoxins-contaminated feed, because it can bind and immobilize myco toxins to reduce toxic residues in feed and effectively prevent health risks in animals [10].…”