Alleviation of free radical mediated oxidative and genotoxic effects of cadmium by farnesol in Swiss albino mice

Abstract

Farnesol is an isoprenoid found in essential oils of ambrette seeds, citronella and in various aromatic plants. Exposure to cadmium from various sources affects the renal system adversely and Cd is an established genotoxic agent. In the present study, we evaluated the antigenotoxic and antioxidant efficacy of farnesol against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced renal oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Single, intraperitoneal doses of CdCl2(5 mg/kg body weight) for 24 h resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) increase in chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation. The oral administration of farnesol at two doses (1% and 2% per kg body weight) for seven consecutive days showed significant (P < 0.05) suppression of the genotoxic effects of CdCl2 in the modulator groups. To study the mechanism by which farnesol exerts its antigenotoxic potential, enzymes involved in metabolism and detoxification were estimated. CdCl2 intoxication adversely affected the renal antioxidant armory and increased TBARS formation and xanthine oxidase levels significantly (P < 0.001). Farnesol showed a significant (P < 0.001) recovery in antioxidant status viz, GSH content (and its dependent enzymes) and catalase activity. Farnesol pretreatment in CdCl2-intoxicated mice showed marked (P < 0.001) suppression of TBARS' formation and XO activity. Our results support the conclusion that the anticlastogenic effect of farnesol could be due to restoration of antioxidants and inhibition of oxidative damage.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidative Effects of Terminalia Arjuna against Cadmium Provoked Toxicity in Albino Rats (Ratus Norvigicus)

“…A parallel data had been described by Jurezuk et al [35]. Additionally, Elizabeth et al, Jahangir et al and Eybl et al [35][36][37][38] demonstrated that cadmium is considered to provoke lipid per oxidation and this has frequently been believed to be the main cause of its deleterious influence on membrane-dependent function.…”

Grape Seed Extract Prevents Gentamicin‐Induced Nephrotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Bone Marrow Cells of Mice

“…Several studies show the role of reactive oxygen metabolites in the pathogenesis of gentamicin toxicity (Martinez‐Salgado et al 2002; Parlakpinar et al 2006). Furthermore, many authors found that genotoxicity and chromosomal instability induced by many agents are straightly correlated with the parameters of oxidative stress (Jahangir et al 2005; Lee et al 2005). Gentamicin induced genotoxicity in vitro (Velasco‐Velazauez et al 2006).…”

Amelioration of Cadmium-Produced Teratogenicity and Genotoxicity in Mice GivenArthrospira maxima(Spirulina) Treatment

“…The administration during gestation and lactation of natural antioxidants, including vitamin E, carotenoids, vitamin B 6 , and zinc, has prevented a number of the negative effects of Cd [22]. The antioxidant effects of isoprenoids, found in various aromatic plants, royal jelly, and grapefruit juice, reportedly protect against Cd-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice [23–25]. Moreover, it has been shown in several studies that Arthrospira maxima (AM), commonly known as Spirulina, helps to counter the harmful effects of Cd through antioxidant effects in experimental animal models [26, 27].…”