Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity to Medicago Truncatula by AMF Involves the Changes of Cd Speciation in Rhizosphere Soil and Subcellular Distribution

Jiang, Yuying; Huang, Rongfu; Jiang, Lei; Chen, Ke; Zhu, Wenkun

doi:10.32604/phyton.2021.014376

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The decline in efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than QA − (Ψ 0 ), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (ϕP 0 ), and the quantum yield of electron transport (ϕE 0 ) were also observed [ 8 ]. These findings highlight the significant impact of abiotic environmental factors on electron transport during photosynthesis and various enzyme systems [ 9 ]. Similar to heavy metal pressure, radioactive strontium (90 Sr) is released into the environment through reactions such as nuclear fission [ 10 , 11 ], causing environmental pollution after settling in the form of atmospheric, water, and soil cycles [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Responses of Racomitrium japonicum L. to Strontium Stress Evaluated through Chlorophyll a Fluorescence OJIP Transient Analysis

Ren,

Lu,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plants

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Nuclides pollution and its biological effects are of great concern, especially for bryophytes during their terrestrial adaptation. Understanding PSII activity and electron transport response is vital for comprehending moss abiotic stress reactions. However, little is known about the photosynthetic performance of moss under nuclide treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chlorophyll fluorescence of Racomitrium japonicum L. The moss was subjected to Sr2+ solutions at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 mg/L to evaluate chlorophyll a fluorescence using the OJIP test. Moderate and high Sr2+ stress led to inner cell membrane dissolution and reduced chlorophyll content, indicating impaired light energy absorption. At 5 mg/L Sr2+, fluorescence kinetics showed increased light energy capture, energy dissipation, and total photosynthetic driving force, thus stimulating transient photosynthetic activity of PSII and improving PSI reduction. Linear electron transfer and PSII stability significantly decreased under moderate and high Sr2+ stress, indicating potential photosynthetic center damage. Cyclic electron transfer (CEF) alleviated photosynthetic stress at 5 mg/L Sr2+. Thus, low Sr2+ levels stimulated CEF, adjusting energy flux and partitioning to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. Nevertheless, significant damage occurred due to inefficient protection under high Sr2+ stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Responses of Racomitrium japonicum L. to Strontium Stress Evaluated through Chlorophyll a Fluorescence OJIP Transient Analysis

Ren,

Lu,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Compared with the Cd group, Cd-AM treatment significantly reduced cadmium ion concentration in M. truncatula . The association of mycorrhizae with plants may reduce the transfer of pollutants to plants by serving as a prohibiting barrier that might be able to react by binding metals to the hyphae of fungi [ 47 , 48 ]. The vesicles, spores, extraradical mycelia, and intraradical mycelia of fungi play a vital role in the chelation of pollutants and the accrual of metals [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Medicago truncatula Gaertn

Chen

et al. 2023

Plants

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Heavy metal contamination is a global problem for ecosystems and human health. Remediation of contaminated soils has received much attention in the last decade. Aided mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy. This study was carried out to investigate the mitigation effect of AMF inoculation on heavy metal toxicity in Medicago truncatula under soil cadmium stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was designed to evaluate the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, Cd uptake and distribution, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, root soil physicochemical properties, and metabolite profile analysis of M. truncatula with/without AMF inoculation in Cd (20 mg/Kg)-contaminated soil. The results showed that inoculating AMF under Cd stress might enhance photosynthetic efficiency, increase plant biomass, decrease Cd and MDA content, and improve soil physicochemical properties in M. truncatula. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed that inoculation with AMF under Cd stress significantly upregulated the production of various amino acids in inter-root metabolism and increase organic acid and phytohormone synthesis. This study provides information on the physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants to heavy metal stress, which could help provide deeper insight into the mechanisms of heavy metal remediation by AMF.

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“…For example, AMF enhances the Pb tolerance of Medicago truncatula by remodeling cell wall components and enhancing antioxidant capacity as compared to uninoculated controls [ 38 ]. Similarly, Jiang et al found that AMF-colonized Medicago truncatula showed increased compartmentalization and detoxification of Cd ions in the root cell walls [ 39 ]. Our results also found that AMF colonization significantly increased the accumulated concentration of Cd in the cell walls of maize roots, while reducing the Cd concentration in the non-cell wall components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lignin in the Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Maize Roots Is Enhanced by Mycorrhiza

Lao

Guo

Hao

et al. 2023

JoF

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In nature, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in the root systems of plants. They can help enhance the resistance of host plants by improving the compartmentalization of toxic metal contaminants in the cell walls (CWs). However, the functions and responses of various CW subfractions to mycorrhizal colonization under Cd exposure remain unknown. Here we conducted a study to investigate how Cd is stored in the cell walls of maize roots colonized by Funneliformis mosseae. Our findings indicate that inoculating the roots with AMF significantly lowers the amount of Cd in the maize shoots (63.6 ± 6.54 mg kg−1 vs. 45.3 ± 2.19 mg kg−1, p < 0.05) by retaining more Cd in the mycorrhized roots (224.0 ± 17.13 mg kg−1 vs. 289.5 ± 8.75 mg kg−1, p < 0.01). This reduces the adverse effects of excessive Cd on the maize plant. Additional research on the subcellular distribution of Cd showed that AMF colonization significantly improves the compartmentalization of 88.2% of Cd in the cell walls of maize roots, compared to the 80.8% of Cd associated with cell walls in the non-mycorrhizal controls. We observed that the presence of AMF did not increase the amount of Cd in pectin, a primary binding site for cell walls; however, it significantly enhanced the content of lignin and the proportion of Cd in the total root cell walls. This finding is consistent with the increased activity of lignin-related enzymes, such as PAL, 4CL, and laccase, which were also positively impacted by mycorrhizal colonization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that AMF increased the number and types of functional groups, including −OH/−NH and carboxylate, which chelate Cd in the lignin. Our research shows that AMF can improve the ability of maize plants to tolerate Cd by reducing the amount of Cd transferred from the roots to the shoots. This is achieved by increasing the amount of lignin in the cell walls, which binds with Cd and prevents it from moving through the plant. This is accomplished by activating enzymes related to lignin synthesis and increasing the exposure of Cd-binding functional groups of lignin. However, more direct evidence on the immobilization of Cd in the mycorrhiza-altered cell wall subfractions is needed.

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Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity to Medicago Truncatula by AMF Involves the Changes of Cd Speciation in Rhizosphere Soil and Subcellular Distribution

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Photosynthetic Responses of Racomitrium japonicum L. to Strontium Stress Evaluated through Chlorophyll a Fluorescence OJIP Transient Analysis

Photosynthetic Responses of Racomitrium japonicum L. to Strontium Stress Evaluated through Chlorophyll a Fluorescence OJIP Transient Analysis

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Medicago truncatula Gaertn

The Role of Lignin in the Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Maize Roots Is Enhanced by Mycorrhiza

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