Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity stress on Salicornia persica using sodium nitroprusside and potassium nitrate

Abstract

Background Glasswort (Salicornia persica) is identified as a halophyte plant, which is one of the most tolerant plants to salt conditions. The seed oil of the plant contains about 33% oil. In the present study, the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mM) and potassium nitrate (KNO3; 0, 0.5, and 1%) were evaluated on several characteristics of glasswort under salinity stress (0, 10, 20, and 40 dS/m). Results morphological features, phenological traits, and yield parameters such as plant height, number of days to flowering, seed oil, biological yield, and seed yield significantly decreased in response to severe salt stress. However, the plants needed an optimal salinity concentration (20 dS/m NaCl) to obtain high amounts of seed oil and seed yield. The results also showed that a high level of salinity (40 dS/m NaCl) caused a decrease in plant oil and yield. In addition, by increasing the exogenous application of SNP and KNO3, the seed oil and seed yield increased. Conclusions The application of SNP and KNO3 were effective in protecting S. persica plants from the deleterious effects of severe salt stress (40 dS/m NaCl), thereby restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increasing the proline content, and maintaining cell membrane stability. It seems that both factors, i.e. SNP and KNO3, can be applied as mitigators of salt stress in plants.

Temporal Changes in Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Three Salicornia Species

“…Shoot MDA concentrations increased in Salicornia plants in response to salt stress and showed a positive correlation with Salicornia growth under high-salinity conditions. Similarly, increased levels of MDA have been reported in response to salt treatments in S. persica [16,53], S. europaea [16], S. brachiata [18], and other halophytes, including Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Sarcocornia fruticosa [20]. In addition, a positive relationship between MDA and the growth of Salicornia plants subjected to salinity treatments has been previously documented [17,18,53], suggesting the plant's ability to tolerate oxidative stress or exploit salt as a signalling molecule for growth.…”

“…Similarly, increased levels of MDA have been reported in response to salt treatments in S. persica [16,53], S. europaea [16], S. brachiata [18], and other halophytes, including Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Sarcocornia fruticosa [20]. In addition, a positive relationship between MDA and the growth of Salicornia plants subjected to salinity treatments has been previously documented [17,18,53], suggesting the plant's ability to tolerate oxidative stress or exploit salt as a signalling molecule for growth. However, it should be noted that this relationship is complex, and may vary depending on the plant species and the salinity level in its environment.…”

“…SOD enzymes constitute the protection front line against ROS by dismutating superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen [56]. Previous studies also reported enhanced levels of SOD activities upon different salt treatments in S. persica [16,53], S. europaea [16], and some other halophytes such as Suaeda maritima [57] and Zygophyllum coccenium [58]. It is worth mentioning that S. persica could maintain a high level of SOD activity under high salinity conditions at all sampling times, which probably contributes to the higher salinity tolerance of S. persica compared to the other two species.…”

Nitric Oxide, a Key Modulator in the Alleviation of Environmental Stress-Mediated Damage in Crop Plants: A Meta-Analysis

“…Moreover, NO could activate the expression of salt stress-related genes, such as HIPP38, GR1, and P5CS2 in rice [86]. Application of NO donors has been reported to significantly enhance salt tolerance in different plant species, such as Salicornia persica, Vigna radiata, Crocus sativus, and Triticum aestivum [88][89][90][91]. Overall, NO mitigates salinity stress by maintaining ion homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, modulating hormone signaling, and activating stress responsive genes to improve plant acclimation to salinity stress.…”

Aplicación de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y cloruro de sodio en chile pimiento

“…La salinidad representada por el factor estrés cloruro de sodio (NaCl), suele tener efectos negativos en el rendimiento y calidad de las hortalizas (Moghaddam et al 2023). Pero la aplicación de niveles moderados de salinidad, junto con una duración y tiempo de aplicación adecuados, puede funcionar como euestresor y aumentar el contenido de compuestos bioactivos, además de mejorar los atributos de calidad de los productos hortícolas, sin afectar negativamente los parámetros de crecimiento (Tomasi et al 2015, Lucini et al 2016, Kitayama et al 2019.…”