Allergy and sports

Giacco, Stefano Del; Manconi, Paolo Emilio; Giacco, G. S. Del

doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056003215.x

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Although many previous findings [12,14,15,[80][81][82][83] support the increase in circulating NK cell count during progressive exercise as well as the rapid post-exercise NK cell recovery, however, the experiment by Del Giacco et al [51] showed that the number of NK cells at the maximum workload did not further increase with respect to their number counted at VO 2-AT . This fact probably meant that when the contribution from anaerobic sources for exercising muscles became relevant (i.e.…”

Section: Nk Cells and Pro-inflamatory/ Anti-inflamatory Adverse Me-chmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that high intensity, long duration physical training is associated with adverse effects on immune function [14,15]. On the contrary, it has been proposed [16] that training schedules with moderate exercise may lower the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).…”

Section: Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in correspondence of VO 2-AT ) and progressively increased to reach the maximum workload, NK cells ceased to increase. A mismatch between the pro-gressively increasing physical stress, occurring from VO 2-AT to VO 2-max , and the corresponding NK-dependent defence against micro-organisms should have happened when the exercise work rate overcame that corresponding to the VO 2-AT [15,31]. In the same study, to better investigate a possible inhibitory effect of supra-maximal exercise on the exercise-induced NK cells proliferation, Del Giacco and colleagues supposed that if the heavy exercise, whose strength was indicated by the value of the excess in the expired carbon dioxide (CO 2-exc ) [52], induced NK cell suppression, then the increase in the percentage of these cells at VO 2-max , with respect to VO 2-AT , ought to be as lower as the higher was CO 2-exc .…”

Section: Nk Cells Responsiveness To Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…in correspondence of the VO 2-AT ) and progressively increased up to reach the maximum workload, NK cells ceased to increase. A mismatch between the progressively increasing physical stress, occurring from VO 2-AT to VO 2-max , and the corresponding NK-dependent defence against micro-organisms [15,84] should have happened when exercise work rate overcame the VO 2-AT and progressively approached the VO 2-max . Interestingly, the applied regression analyses in the experiments of Del Giacco et al [51] indicate that when the value of NK cell count at VO 2-max was subtracted from that at VO 2-AT , the lower the difference was, the higher the corresponding excess of carbon dioxide in the expired air (CO 2-exc ) was.…”

Section: Nk Cells and Pro-inflamatory/ Anti-inflamatory Adverse Me-chmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural killer cells responsiveness to physical exercise: A brief review

Crisafulli¹,

Tocco²,

Melis³

et al. 2013

OJI

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Natural killer cells (NK) are a group of peripheral blood lymphocytes which display cytotoxic activity against a wide range of tumour cells. They are a consistent part of the inflammatory response that is activated when either internal or external injuries occur as they are able to synthesize perforins. An important role is played by NK cells in the host defence against tumours without expressing any antigen-binding recaptor in their membrane which, however, distinguish T and B lymphocytes. NK activity appears early in the immune response, thus providing immediate protection during the time required for the activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and for their differentiation into functional cells. Even though much research regarding the effects of aerobic training exercise on NK cell numbers and function, there appears to be much controversy regarding its effect. NK cells are rapidly mobilized into circulation in response to acute exercise, most likely by increased shear stress and catecholamine-induced down-regulation of adhesion molecule expression. However, tissue injury and inflammation which often accompanies strenuous exercise have been associated to post-exercise NK cell suppression. Scientific evidence indicates exercise-induced changes in NK cell redistribution and function should be strongly influenced by stress hormones including catecholamines, cortisol and prolactin as well as by soluble mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins. The role of exercise therapy in cancer patients and survivors rehabilitation is becoming increasingly important as it is thought to modulate immunity and inflammation. However, more knowledge about the effects of exercise on immune function in these patients is needed.

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Section: Nk Cells and Pro-inflamatory/ Anti-inflamatory Adverse Me-chmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nk Cells Responsiveness To Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nk Cells and Pro-inflamatory/ Anti-inflamatory Adverse Me-chmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Natural killer cells responsiveness to physical exercise: A brief review

Crisafulli¹,

Tocco²,

Melis³

et al. 2013

OJI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The NK cells have behaved as the cells of highest response to a set of acute exercise 5 . Many studies support the increase in the NK cell counting in the circulation during progressive exercise, as well as fast recovery of post-exercise NK 5,[17][18][19] . They are rapidly recruit to the peripheral blood probably, via shear stress due to increase in blood flow added with a catecholamine--induced 20 down regulation of adhesion molecule expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diferenças em populações de células exterminadoras naturais (Natural Killers-NK) sanguíneas periféricas entre atletas de caiaque e não atletas

Borges

Teixeira

Rama

et al. 2012

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício estressante prolongado tem sido associado a uma depressão transitória da função imune, com rotinas de treinamento e competição intensas e prolongadas capazes de levar os atletas a uma deficiência imune. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi observar se o treinamento cr ônico foi capaz de produzir diferenças sustentáveis no sangue periférico (SP) subpopulações de leucócitos (LEU, granulócitos, monócitos, linfócitos totais, linfócitos B e T, e células CD4+ e CD8+T e células natural killers) de atletas de caiaque de elite quando comparados com não atletas. MÉTODOS: A amostra incluiu 13 homens atletas de caiaque de elite, 20 ± 3 anos, 75,0kg ± 7,9 peso e 177,3 ± 7,1 cm estatura. O VO2max foi 58,3 ± 7,8mL.kg.min-1. O grupo de não atletas incluiu sete homens saudáveis, idade 18 ± 1 ano de idade, 81,3 ± 13,8Kg de peso corporal e 171,9 ± 4,5cm de estatura. As amostras de sangue dos atletas foram coletadas no início da temporada de treinamento, após um período fora do treinamento de seis semanas. Populações de células sanguíneas periféricas foram identificadas por análise de citometria de fluxo. Para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos de atletas e não atletas, o teste U de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado. RESULTADOS: N ão foram identificadas diferenças entre os atletas de caiaque treinados e não atletas em repouso, exceto para células natural killers (CD3-CD56+) e os valores da subpopulação CD3-CD56+CD8+ os quais foram mais baixos nos atletas. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo encontrou que, após um período prolongado sem treinamento (seis semanas), somente a população de NK CD3-CD56+ e, em especial, a subpopulação de altamente citotóxica CD3-CD56+CD8+ apresentou níveis mais baixos nos atletas de elite quando comparados com os homens destreinados.

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Responsiveness of human natural killer cells during acute, incremental exercise up to exhaustion

et al. 2004

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Eight healthy male subjects performed a cycle ergometer\ud incremental exercise up to exhaustion to study possible\ud relationships between excess CO2 production (CO2-exc)\ud and natural killer (NK) cells, measured in terms of concentration\ud (NKabs) and as a percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral\ud blood (NK%). A parabola-like regression equation\ud with its vertex downwards best fit the relationship between\ud CO2-exc at Wmax and the difference between NK cell measurements\ud at the maximum workload (Wmax) and at the\ud workload corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (WAT).\ud For NK cell concentration, the best equation was NKabs\ud (cells/mm3)=248.8413–0.3105 CO2-exc (ml min-1)+0.0001\ud CO2-exc\ud 2 (ml min-1) (p=0.044). For NK cells expressed as a\ud percentage, the best equation was NK(%)=108.7636–0.1414\ud CO2-exc (ml min-1)+0.00001 CO2-exc\ud 2 (ml min-1) (p=0.032).\ud Thus, the higher was the CO2-exc the lower was the increase\ud in both NK cell measurements at Wmax with respect to the\ud value observed at WAT. However, when CO2-exc reached\ud more elevated values, then the direction of this relationship\ud was inverted. It may be concluded that when strenuous exercise\ud is performed, an anti-inflammatory/performance-preserving\ud event takes place, while recovery towards a pro-inflammatory/\ud anti-infection state tends gradually to re-establish\ud when a subject’s anaerobic power becomes too high

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Allergy and sports

Cited by 28 publications

References 88 publications

Natural killer cells responsiveness to physical exercise: A brief review

Natural killer cells responsiveness to physical exercise: A brief review

Diferenças em populações de células exterminadoras naturais (Natural Killers-NK) sanguíneas periféricas entre atletas de caiaque e não atletas

Responsiveness of human natural killer cells during acute, incremental exercise up to exhaustion

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