Allergologic pitfalls in animal-assisted interventions

Schmidt, Veronika; Mokrá, Michaela; Demolli, Pashija; Brüggen, Marie‐Charlotte; Möhrenschlager, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s40629-022-00206-9

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Allergies can cause skin irritations, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and allergic bronchial asthma. They are a contraindication for CAIs as they occur when in (in)direct contact with dogs (36).…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Involving inappropriately termed hypoallergenic animals, such as labradoodles, does not provide an allergen-free environment (36). Moreover, Vredegoor et al (106) found that Can f 1 in the hair and coat, a component that counts for at least half of the allergenic activity, was higher in these dogs than in control breeds such as Labrador retrievers.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Vredegoor et al (106) found that Can f 1 in the hair and coat, a component that counts for at least half of the allergenic activity, was higher in these dogs than in control breeds such as Labrador retrievers. From a welfare aspect, the allergological risks of implementing CAIs in a hospital or outpatient setting should not be underestimated (36). Toshihiro et al (107), shows that only the complete avoidance of animals was effective in patients with animal allergic asthma.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toshihiro et al (107), shows that only the complete avoidance of animals was effective in patients with animal allergic asthma. Therefore, Schmidt et al (36) states that emergency medication must be available to a trained person on site, to mitigate risk, in the event of an allergic response.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies report that the benefits of CAIs are greater than the risks (24)(25)(26)(27)(28), nevertheless some find potential stress or welfare risks in dogs a valid reason not to use CAIs (24,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Contra-indications for CAIs, include fear/phobia of animals, cultural attitudes (29), unsafe animal behavior (30,35), allergic reactions (36), workload (37,38), funding (39), concerns regarding hygiene/sanitization (39), or zoonotic transmission of diseases (40,41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine-Assisted Interventions and the Relevance of Welfare Assessments for Human Health, and Transmission of Zoonosis: A Literature Review

et al. 2022

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CAIs (canine-assisted interventions) include “canine-assisted therapy” in which a therapist sets client-oriented goals, 'canine-assisted activities' with recreational goals for clients, and 'canine-assisted education/learning' in which teachers or coaches create learning goals for students or clients. CAIs vary in nearly every way; their only common trait is the involvement of dogs to respond to human need. However, the benefits of involving dogs are highly dependent on the animal's health and behavior. A dog exhibiting negative behavior or an unwell dog might pose a risk, especially for CAI target groups, specifically individuals with immunosuppression, chronic illness, children, elderly, etc. Therefore, positive animal welfare as preventative medicine to avoid incidents or transmission of zoonosis is an attractive hypothesis, with implications for human and animal, health and well-being. This review aims to summarize the current published knowledge regarding different aspects of welfare in CAIs and to discuss their relevance in the light of health and safety in CAI participants. As method for this study, a literature search was conducted (2001–2022) using the Prisma method, describing issues of dog welfare as defined in the Welfare Quality® approach. This welfare assessment tool includes 4 categories related to behavior, health, management, and environment; it was, therefore, applicable to CAIs. Results indicate that dogs working in CAIs are required to cope with diverse variables that can jeopardize their welfare. In conclusion, we propose regular welfare assessments for dogs in CAIs, which would also protect the quality of the CAI sessions and the clients' safety and well-being.

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Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine-Assisted Interventions and the Relevance of Welfare Assessments for Human Health, and Transmission of Zoonosis: A Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Human-Animal Interaction in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI)s: Zoonosis Risks, Benefits, and Future Directions—A One Health Approach

Liguori

Costagliola

Lombardi

et al. 2023

Animals

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Animal-assisted interventions (AAI)s represent the expression of integrated medicine, according to the One Health approach. Actually, animal-assisted therapies and animal-assisted activities are implemented in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc. The efficacy of AAIs is based on interspecific interactions and would be impacted by different factors, such as the characters of both the animal and the handler, a suitable selection of animal species, an appropriate animal educational protocol, the relationship between the handler and the animal, and mutual relationship among the animal, the patients, and members of the working team. AAIs produce many advantages for the patients but could expose them to zoonotic-pathogens transmission. Therefore, positive animal welfare, as preventative medicine to avoid incidents or transmission of zoonosis, is a relevant aspect with implications for human and animal health and wellbeing. This review aims to summarize the current published knowledge regarding the occurrence of pathogens in AAIs and to discuss their relevance in light of health and safety in AAIs participants. In addition, this review will contribute to defining the state of the art of AAIs through a careful benefits/challenges analysis and offers discussion points on the possible future developments according to the One Health approach.

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Allergologic pitfalls in animal-assisted interventions

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Canine-Assisted Interventions and the Relevance of Welfare Assessments for Human Health, and Transmission of Zoonosis: A Literature Review

Canine-Assisted Interventions and the Relevance of Welfare Assessments for Human Health, and Transmission of Zoonosis: A Literature Review

Human-Animal Interaction in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI)s: Zoonosis Risks, Benefits, and Future Directions—A One Health Approach

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