Allergic Signs in Glioma Pathology: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Historically restrained to immune defense against parasite infections, allergic inflammation has been recently rediscovered to protect from a wide array of environmental triggers, such as xenobiotics and carcinogens, which can induce DNA damage and ultimately lead to cancer development. Moreover, cells and mediators typical of allergic responses can importantly modulate the tissue inflammatory milieu, which represents a crucial gatekeeper towards the acquisition of malignancy by cancer cells through immune escape. Numerous studies have described an inverse association between allergies and glioma development. Mast cells, key players of allergic reactions, have been recently found at increased numbers in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor, and they have been implicated in GBM pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize epidemiological studies and discuss the main evidence highlighting a potential interplay between allergic responses, and glioma formation and progression. Last, we draw future lines of research for better clarification whether and through which mechanisms allergic inflammation might impact on gliomagenesis. The comprehension of the immune mechanisms favoring or counteracting tumor growth might open the path to novel immunotherapy approaches.

Antibiotic Allergy and Blood Eosinophils Percent Could Be Prognostic Indicators of Glioma

“…Second, appropriately targeted allergic reactions are bene cial [25]. Allergic in ammation has been recently rediscovered to protect patients from a wide array of environmental triggers which can induce DNA damage and ultimately lead to cancer development, such as xenobiotics and carcinogens [26]. Third, antibiotic allergy was mediated by IgE [27].…”

“…Third, antibiotic allergy was mediated by IgE [27]. Theoretically, antigen-speci c IgE might promote direct tumor killing through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity [28], longer median survival period in glioma were associated with elevated serum IgE level [29] which was similar to the result in a mouse model of ovarian cancer [29,30]. Finally, excessive use of antibiotics may cause pathogenic bacteria to develop resistance and toxic reactions including neurotoxic reactions [31], whereas glioma patients with antibiotic allergy could avoid excessive use of antibiotics and the resulting damage.…”

Comorbid Medical Conditions as Predictors of Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients

“…Prior studies have found that patients with atopic diseases including allergies, eczema, and asthma have a decreased susceptibility to grade II and III gliomas and improved prognosis 26 . It has been shown that there is an inverse relationship between serum IgE levels and risk of glioma, and high amounts of mast cells have been detected in GBM tissues 27,28 . Gohar et al .…”

Nanodelivery Systems Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors for Glioma Management

“…Several studies on the allergic and nutritional epidemiology of glioma showed an inverse association between allergy and gliomas but did not provide any causal relationship between them [ 46 ]. The nutritional epidemiology studies suggested that various food groups and nutrients were associated with glioma risk; the results were inconclusive and not replicable in subsequent research [ 24 , 47 ].…”