Allergic Rhinitis: Cytopathological Correlations with ARIA

Abstract

Endonasal surgery of the cranial base requires extensive training in anatomy and endoscopic techniques. A training model for simulation of endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses and cranial base was developed that 1) replicates the surgical experience and 2) provides a measurable learning curve. METHOD: The anatomical model is generated from CT data and has bone generated from a 3D printer and silicone applied to recreate nasal soft tissue. Design requirements were surgical simulation with real surgical instruments and the objective detection of injured structures at risk (orbit, dura, internal carotid artery, and optic nerve). RESULTS: Using this teaching model, it is possible to demonstrate a learning curve and track the progress of a surgeon (duration of surgery, number and location of injuries). Anatomical and pathological variations can be introduced to provide a varied surgical experience. CONCLUSION: This model replicates the surgical experience and allows the surgeon to monitor the learning curve. The use of actual surgical instruments provides realistic haptic feedback. Future trials will demonstrate the contribution of surgical simulation on surgical proficiency in the operating room.