Allergic rhinitis causes loss of smell in children: The <scp>OLFAPEDRIAL</scp> study

Langdon, Cristóbal; Guilemany, J.M.; Valls, Meritxell; Alobid, Isam; Bartra, Joan; Dávila, Ignacio; Cuvillo, A del; Ferrer, Marta; Jáuregui, I; Montoro, J; Sastre, Joaquı́n; Valero, Antonio; Mullol, Joaquim

doi:10.1111/pai.12655

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Odor detection is related to the most peripheral part of the olfactory system [ 7 ], whereas identification and recognition memory involve cognitive tasks of central structures, such as the orbitofrontal region and other areas of the limbic system. In addition to viral etiology [ 8 , 9 ], several other causal factors have been described: posttraumatic events [ 10 – 12 ], neurodegenerative diseases [ 13 – 15 ], sinonasal inflammatory diseases (chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps) [ 16 – 19 ], and allergic rhinitis (in adults [ 20 ] or children) [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in a Mexican Population Outside of COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors (the OLFAMEX Study)

Castillo-López

Govea‐Camacho

Rodríguez-Torres

et al. 2020

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose of Review To study the prevalence of olfactory loss and its associated factors in a Mexican population a cross-sectional analytical study based on a population interviewed about health, epidemiologic aspects, and sense of smell (tested with four scents: rose, banana, perfume, and gas) was conducted to evaluate olfactory detection, memory, and identification. Levels of sense of smell perception were determined when the participants detected, recognized, or identified all (normosmia), 1–3 (hyposmia), or none (anosmia) of the odorants. Associated factors of olfactory dysfunction were identified by multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 95%CI). Recent Findings Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent disorder affecting up to 20% of the general population. In addition to viral infection, including COVID-19, a number of other causes and factors may also be involved. Summary 1,956 surveys were conducted and 1,921 were analyzed. Most of the participants (62.1%) were women. The general prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, regarding detection, was 7.2% (7.1% hyposmia, 0.1% anosmia). Age-related olfactory deterioration was observed in both sexes from the 5th decade of life (OR 2.74, p = 0.0050). Women showed better olfactory identification (OR 0.73, p = 0.0010). Obesity (OR 1.97, p = 0.0070), low educational level, bad/very bad self-perceived olfactory function (OR 2.74, p = 0.0050), olfactory loss for less than one week (OR 1.35, p = 0.0030), exposure to toxics/irritants (OR 1.31, p = 0.0030), active smoking (OR 1.58, p < 0.0010), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.68, 95%CI 1.74–4.10, p < 0.0001) were identified as factors associated with olfactory dysfunction. These results in a Mexican population suggest better olfactory identification (verbalization) in females. Age was a determining factor in the olfactory deterioration process and obesity and diabetes mellitus were also associated with olfactory disorders. Finally, these findings reinforce the differential diagnosis with other potential causes of sense of smell loss, during the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in a Mexican Population Outside of COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors (the OLFAMEX Study)

Castillo-López

Govea‐Camacho

Rodríguez-Torres

et al. 2020

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…Studies assessing smell dysfunction in children are scarce, even though several causes of olfactory dysfunction (e.g. congenital anosmia, allergic rhinitis, head trauma, adenoidal hyperplasia, and turbinate enlargement) are common among paediatric population [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Barcelona Olfactory Test ̶ 6 (pBOT-6): Validation of a Combined Odor Identification and Threshold Screening Test in Healthy Spanish Children and Adolescents

Mariño‐Sánchez¹,

Valls-Mateus²,

Fragola³

et al. 2020

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol

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“…Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a worldwide health problem in adults, adolescents, and children generating a significant impact on quality of life (QoL) and on medical care burden (1) . Rhinorrea, nasal itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, and in one third of patient's loss of smell (2,3) , are characteristic nasal symptoms of AR, being also associated with ocular symptoms such as pruritus/ itching, redness, and watery eyes in 60-70% of patients. Even though AR symptoms are not life threatening they can be very bothersome, negatively affecting patient's quality of life and work/school productivity, therefore causing a significant burden to the person and society (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults

Izquierdo-Domínguez¹,

Jauregui²,

Cuvillo³

et al. 2017

Rhin

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Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Although a number of studies have described AR, no studies compared children and adult AR populations. The objective was to compare the AR characteristics between two AR cohorts of children and adults. Methods: Two AR cohorts (children and adults) from Spain were studied through observational cross-sectional multicentre studies. AR was classified based on classical (allergen exposure), original (o-ARIA), and modified (m-ARIA) ARIA criteria. AR was evaluated by Total 4-Symptoms Score (T4SS), and disease severity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm). AR comorbidities were also evaluated. Results: A total of 5,405 patients (1,275 children, 4,130 adults) were studied. According to symptom's duration, intermittent AR was more frequent in children than in adults. Using o-ARIA severity, more children than adults had moderate/severe AR while, using m-ARIA, more children than adults had severe AR. T4SS was higher in adults than in children. Moreover, VAS was also higher in adults than in children. In addition, asthma atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis were more associated to children than adults with AR, the frequency of this comorbidities increasing according to higher severity. Conclusions: AR in children was more intermittent, severe, with less symptoms but with more comorbidities than in adults. These results suggest AR has similarities but also significant differences between children and adults.

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Allergic rhinitis causes loss of smell in children: The OLFAPEDRIAL study

Abstract: Children with allergic rhinitis present a mild-moderate loss of smell frequency and intensity which is clearly related to the disease duration and severity. The loss of smell can be considered, as in adults, a clinical marker of disease severity.

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Olfactory Dysfunction in a Mexican Population Outside of COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors (the OLFAMEX Study)

Olfactory Dysfunction in a Mexican Population Outside of COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors (the OLFAMEX Study)

Pediatric Barcelona Olfactory Test ̶ 6 (pBOT-6): Validation of a Combined Odor Identification and Threshold Screening Test in Healthy Spanish Children and Adolescents

Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults

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