Allergic reactions in oral and perioral diseases—what do allergy skin test results show?

Common Allergies and Allergens in Oral and Perioral Diseases

“…These findings contribute to the knowledge of the etiology of these diseases and the justification of using skin tests in these particular oral diseases. According to Torgerson et al, positive contact allergies were established in 44.7% of patients that underwent patch testing, as well as possible multiple positive reactions due to cross-reactions, which has also been noted in other studies 12,22 . The frequency of positive patch tests to dental materials was higher in some other studies, even reaching 70.5% 10 .…”

“…A study conducted in cheilitis patients established irritant contact dermatitis in 36% of patients having undergone patch testing, allergic contact dermatitis in 25%, atopic eczema in 19%, and unknown causes in 9% 27 . According to a recent study by Budimir et al, patients with cheilitis showed a statistically significantly higher frequency of positive patch tests (26.7%) compared to healthy controls, and the common allergens were cobalt-chloride (10%), nickel-sulfate (6.7%) and mercury precipitate (6.7%) 22 . Torgerson et al observed a similar frequency of positive patch tests in their patients (25.9%), whereas Kim et al report an even higher frequency (75%), particularly when metals used in dental medicine were involved 10,12 .…”

“…There are numerous studies that have confirmed metal allergies in patients with dental alloys in their orthodontic devices and considering that it is impor-tant to emphasize which allergens are most common to cause diseases such as burning mouth syndrome (BMS), gingivostomatitis, cheilitis and oral lichen planus (OLP) [22][23][24][25] . According to Budimir et al, some particular allergens increase the risk of certain oral diseases and symptoms 22 . This risk is several times higher in atopic patients and those with existing allergies even in the absence of statistically significant differences in the occurrence of allergic reactions between subjects with certain oral diseases and healthy controls 22 .…”

“…According to Budimir et al, some particular allergens increase the risk of certain oral diseases and symptoms 22 . This risk is several times higher in atopic patients and those with existing allergies even in the absence of statistically significant differences in the occurrence of allergic reactions between subjects with certain oral diseases and healthy controls 22 . This was shown to be true for BMS and its association to nutritive allergens and food additives, for oral lichen planus and inhalants, and for cheilitis and contact allergens such as cobalt-chloride and nickelsulfate found in dental alloys.…”

“…Also, food ingredients, e.g., benzoates, antioxidants or spices, can be the possible causes of angioedema. According to the results of the study by Budimir et al, additive allergens were confirmed in 23.3% of angioedema patients, and physicians were advised to monitor patient conditions after allergen elimination 22 . In addition, facial edema sometimes occurs due to metals in the oral cavity (e.g., crowns with palladium), and removal of such metals has proved beneficial.…”