Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with
            <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>

Tang, Patrick; Mohan, Sindu; Sigler, Lynne; Witterick, Ian; Summerbell, Richard C.; Campbell, Iivi; Mazzulli, Tony

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.11.5333-5336.2003

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The clinical experience with azolebased therapies also shows variable outcomes; VRC used mostly in combination with CFG has shown some positive results against deep infections by T. longibrachiatum, T. reesei, and T. viride (7,(21)(22)(23)68). ITC has shown success alone and in combination with AMB and surgical resection against T. longibrachiatum (10,11,25), although according to our susceptibility results the apparent effectiveness of ITC might be only anecdotical. Ketoconazole was successful in a peritonitis case attributed to an unidentified Trichoderma species (15), while there are no reports on the use of PSC against Trichoderma infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In the clinical setting, species identification has been based mainly on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (8,23,28,40), although it has been shown that the use of this locus does not provide sufficient resolution to accurately distinguish closely related species (4,26,41,43). This, together with the poor in vitro activities of commonly used antifungals against Trichoderma isolates, is an impediment for the treatment of Trichoderma infections (11,43) and limits our understanding of the epidemiology of the species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other diseases attributed to members of this genus are allergic and acute invasive sinusitis (10,11), keratitis (12), otitis externa (13), skin and subcutaneous infections (14), peritonitis (9,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), deep pulmonary infections (21)(22)(23), endocarditis (24), and brain abscess (25). Most infections are caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which is recognized as the main human pathogen of the genus (4,11,26), but eight other species (i.e., T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. orientale, T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei, and T. viride) have also been reported occasionally (4,(26)(27)(28). On the other hand, data on animal infections by Trichoderma spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus Trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (Tef1), endochitinase CHI18-5 (Chi18-5), and actin 1 (Act1) genes. The most frequent species was Trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by Trichoderma citrinoviride (18%), the Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species complex (15%), the newly described species Trichoderma bissettii (12%), and Trichoderma orientale (11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs in vitro showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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“…The genus includes species reported to cause mycoses and allergy in humans (12,31,36,59). Toxin production has also been reported, and some species can be preservative resistant in food products (45,56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Significance of Mold Species in Norwegian Drinking Water

Hageskal

Knutsen

Gaustad

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

155

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In order to determine the occurrence, distribution, and significance of mold species in groundwater-and surface water-derived drinking water in Norway, molds isolated from 273 water samples were identified. Samples of raw water, treated water, and water from private homes and hospital installations were analyzed by incubation of 100-ml membrane-filtered samples on dichloran-18% glycerol agar. The total count (number of CFU per 100 ml) of fungal species and the species diversity within each sample were determined. The identification of mold species was based on morphological and molecular methods. In total, 94 mold species belonging to 30 genera were identified. The mycobiota was dominated by species of Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Aspergillus, with some of them occurring throughout the drinking water system. Several of the same species as isolated from water may have the potential to cause allergic reactions or disease in humans. Other species are common contaminants of food and beverages, and some may cause unwanted changes in the taste or smell of water. The present results indicate that the mycobiota of water should be considered when the microbiological safety and quality of drinking water are assessed. In fact, molds in drinking water should possibly be included in the Norwegian water supply and drinking water regulations.

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“…The work of Patric Tang et al, described that primary etiologic agents in Allergic Fungal Sinusits (AFS) are dematiaceous fungi, especially Bipolaris spicifera or Curvularia lunata and in some geographic regions Aspergillus species, and the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Presumably, the disease begins with colonization of the paranasal sinuses by spores of an airborne fungus [7,8]. In our patient inhalation of conidia is thought to be the route of transmission resulting in such rare mycotic infection of maxillary sinuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporotrichosis of Maxillary Sinuses in a Middle Aged Female Patient from Rural Area of Eastern India

Mitra

Das

Sinha

et al. 2016

JCDR

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A 45-year-old female patient attended the outpatient ENT clinic of our tertiary care hospital with chief complaints of nasal stuffiness and frequent blood stained nasal discharge for around six months. She experienced mild to moderate headache infrequently. Her illness started about a year back. Initially, there was unilateral nasal congestion with mucopurulent discharge from left nostril. After six months she developed stuffiness of the right nostril too and along with blood stained mucopurulent discharge intermittently. She had no history of cough or respiratory distress or any skin lesion. She was a farmer by occupation. On clinical examination, no mass or polyp was visible in nasal cavity. She was advised CT scan of paranasal sinuses which showed a soft tissue mass filling both maxillary sinuses along with erosion of bony wall of both sinuses and perforation of nasal septum [Table/ Fig-1a&b].She was planned for FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) as the mass appeared to be a malignant invasion. Routine preoperative tests were advised. Her blood picture showed Hb%-10gm%, RBC -3,80,000/ cu.mm, WBC -5,500/ cu.mm, neutrophil-68%, lymphocyte-20%, eosinophil-10%, monocytes-2% and ba s o phil-0%. Postero-anterior view of X-ray chest showed normal bilateral lung fields and cardiac silhouette. On endoscopy both maxilla were seen to be occupied with a soft mass. The bony walls were eroded and perforation of nasal septum was confirmed. The tissue was then removed completely and specimen sent for mycological examination. A portion of same specimen was sent for histopathological study. Mycological study included direct microscopy of the sample in 10% KOH and culture in Sabouraud Dextrose Chloramphenicol Agar (SDCA) medium at 25 0 c and 37 0 c. In KOH mount only few ovoid yeast like structure were seen but no fungal hyphae was visible. Culture at 25 0 C showed the growth of greyish white dirty colony slightly velvety and lobed in obverse side and tanned in colour on reverse side. Microscopic examination with Lactophenol cotton blue demonstrated ovoid micro-conidia clustered like bouquets at the tip of conodiophore resembling the arrangement in Sporothrix species. Few conidia were directly attached to conidiophore by sterigmata. The hyphae were very slender [Table/ Fig-2].The subculture in Brain heart infusion agar from SDCA maintained at 37 0 C showed the conversion from hyphae to yeast form and colony was moist & creamy in appearance. The histopathplogical study reported the case as allergic rhinosinusitis. Here we report a similar case of bilateral maxillary sinusitis in a middle aged female from a village of Bihar, a state in eastern India. She underwent endoscopic maxillary sinus surgery for nasal symptoms and diagnosed to have sporotrichotic infection of maxillary sinuses. The diagnosis was done by mycological and histopathological examination and patient improved under antifungal chemotherapy.After two months of surgical removal of sinonasal mass the patient returned with a complaint of two discharging sinu...

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Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

Diversity and Significance of Mold Species in Norwegian Drinking Water

Sporotrichosis of Maxillary Sinuses in a Middle Aged Female Patient from Rural Area of Eastern India

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