Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Echothiophate Iodide and Phenylephrine

Mathias, C. G. Toby; Maibach, Howard I.; Irvine, A. Ray; Adler, W. H.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1979.01020010138008

Cited by 38 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A similar case, also in a lady 75-yearsold suffering from glaucoma, was described by Ma-thias et a!. ( 4). A recent case published by Barber (5) showed the same characteristics.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Contact sensitivity to Difolatan (Captafol)

Brown¹

1984

Contact Dermatitis

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“…A similar case, also in a lady 75-yearsold suffering from glaucoma, was described by Ma-thias et a!. ( 4). A recent case published by Barber (5) showed the same characteristics.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Contact sensitivity to Difolatan (Captafol)

Brown¹

1984

Contact Dermatitis

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“…2 Similarly, in Germany, a study reported positive reactions to phenylephrine (3.0%, 34/1144), atropine (0.5%, 6/1144), and pilocarpine (0.4%, 5/ 1144) in patients tested to the Deutsche Kontaktallergie-Gruppe ophthalmic tray. 3 Trifluridine, 48 echothiophate iodide, 49 and ketorolac 50 are other active constituents that may cause contact allergy.…”

Section: Active Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergens in Prescription Topical Ophthalmic Medications

Shaver¹,

Warshaw²

2022

Dermatitis

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Background/Objective: Both active and inactive ingredients in topical ophthalmic agents may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Here, we examined ingredients in prescription topical ophthalmic medications available in the United States.Methods: A comprehensive list of topical ophthalmic medications was generated using AccessPharmacy. Categories included antiglaucoma, antibiotic, antibiotic/corticosteroid, corticosteroid, antiviral, antifungal, mydriatic, and miotic agents. For each formulation, ingredients were investigated using the National Institutes of Health US National Library of Medicine database and/or manufacturer websites. Counts and proportions were calculated for inactive ingredients, including those in the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) Core 90 Allergen Series.Results: Two hundred sixty-four unique prescription ophthalmic medications met the inclusion criteria. The most common ACDS Core 90 allergen/cross-reactor inactive ingredient was benzalkonium chloride (68.1%, 180/264), followed by sorbates (11.7%, 31/264), parabens (6.8%, 18/264), sodium metabisulfite (3.8%, 10/264), propylene glycol (3.0%, 8/264), and lanolin (3.0%, 8/264). Approximately 21% (20.8%, 55/264) of products had no ACDS Core 90 allergens/cross-reactor inactive ingredients. The most common ACDS Core 90 allergen/cross-reactor active ingredients were aminoglycoside antibiotics, bacitracin/polymyxin B, and corticosteroids. Important non-ACDS Core 90 allergens included inactive ingredients, such as EDTA 28.0% and thimerosal 2.7%, as well as active ingredients, especially b-blockers.Conclusions: Benzalkonium chloride, sodium metabisulfite, propylene glycol, and lanolin were common inactive ingredient allergens. Most ophthalmic categories had low allergen formulations available for patients with contact allergy.

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