Allergic contact dermatitis from hydroxypropyl cellulose in a transdermal estradiol patch

Schwartz, Bennett K.; Clendenning, William E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02753.x

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Allergic contact dermatitis to: (i) the adhesive (Fisher 1988); (ii) hydroxypropyl cellulose, a component of the reservoir (Schwartz & Clendenning 1988); (iii) alcohol, an enhancer in the reservoir (Ducros et al 1989;Fisher 1988); and (iv) the estrogen (Carmichael & Foulds 1992;Fisher 1988;McBurney et al 1989), has been described, but is rare.…”

Section: Estradiolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Carmichael¹

1994

Drug Safety

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Transdermal devices are now marketed for the delivery of systemic medication through the skin. Advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery include avoidance of first-pass metabolism and improved patient compliance. Drugs currently available by this route include scopolamine (hyoscine), nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate), estradiol, nicotine and clonidine. This novel development has brought in its wake a specific constellation of skin sensitivity problems, which vary widely in incidence between drugs. Varying the site of drug administration to minimise these reactions is important. Any eczematous reaction can be treated with a moderately potent topical steroid. Tolerance to oral challenge in those with topical sensitivity occurs, but caution is still advocated before proceeding to this step. The increasing use of transdermal drug delivery systems across many specialties means that problems of skin sensitivity are of growing relevance to the dermatologist, the hospital specialist and the primary care physician.

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Section: Estradiolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Carmichael¹

1994

Drug Safety

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“…4 One study has suggested that this can have a longer term impact as measured by higher serum ferritin concentrations at the age of 9 months. 5 This study, however, was observational and hence was potentially subject to selection biases, and the follow up did not extend beyond the first year of life.…”

Section: Effect Of Delaying Timing Of Clamping Of Cord Is Being Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 4 Perhaps most importantly, cognitive behavioural interventions can fit within the time frame of a "normal" consultation in general practice. 5 As Mayou and Sharpe describe, an essential strength of the cognitive behavioural model is its integrative approach, constructing an overall meaning from the patient's distress simultaneously in physiological, behavioural, affective, and cognitive terms, all within a social context. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which both doctors and patients have been driven to seek isolated causes, framed in dualistic terms and 19th century concepts, derived from the success of the germ theory of disease.…”

Section: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Has Role In Treatment Of Medicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 5 Dallman has pointed out that much of the anaemia seen in paediatric practice is due to mild acute infections and that many children with low haemoglobin concentrations are healthy and have no illness. 5 The lower limit of normal haemoglobin concentration at this age, as stated by the World Health Organisation, is merely a statistical cut off point and does not tell us which children have a pathological cause for a "low" haemoglobin concentration. Some children with haemoglobin concentrations of > 110 g/l are iron deficient and some with concentrations below this value are iron replete.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Screening toddlers for iron deficiency anaemia in general practice

Stevens

Moy²,

Aukett³

et al. 1998

BMJ

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“…Allergic contact dermatitis is specific to a particular agent and has been reported as due to various components of the oestradiol patch system, including the active ingredient itself,2 the adhesive,3 ethanol,4 and hydroxypropylcellulose 5. These reactions require sensitisation and occur only in genetically determined individuals capable of being sensitised to a given antigen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%