Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylethyl resorcinol, a skin‐lightening agent contained in a sunscreen

Pastor‐Nieto, María‐Antonia; Sánchez‐Pedreño, Paloma; Martı́nez-Menchón, Teresa; Melgar-Molero, Virginia; Alcántara-Nicolás, Francisco; Cruz-Murie, Pablo de la

doi:10.1111/cod.12617

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, allergic contact dermatitis caused by PR has been reported [ 10 ]. Therefore, we need to determine the concentration that causes dermatitis in order to effectively apply PR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Skin Whitening of Phenylethyl Resorcinol by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Kim

Choi

et al. 2017

Nanomaterials

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Phenylethyl resorcinol (4-(1-phenylethyl)1,3-benzenediol) (PR) is a new whitening agent that has been found to have the ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. However, the application of PR is limited by photo instability and poor solubility. PR-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (PR-NLCs) were prepared by the hot-melted ultrasonic method. Glycerol monostearate and olive oil were selected as the solid lipid and liquid lipid for considering the solubility of PR in liquid lipid and partition coefficient of PR in solid lipid, respectively. The particle size and polydispersity index of PR-NLCs were 57.9 ± 1.3 nm and 0.24 ± 0.01, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of PR-NLCs were 93.1 ± 4.2% and 8.5 ± 0.4%, respectively. The stability test demonstrated that the incorporation of PR into NLCs conferred excellent physicochemical stability and photo stability for at least three months at 4 °C in the dark and 25 °C under daylight. In vitro release of PR-NLCs revealed a sustained release pattern. Cellular tyrosinase assay showed that PR-NLCs could significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity in melanoma cells, suggesting that NLCs can be used as a biocompatible nanocarrier for the effective delivery of skin whitening agents.

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“…Recently, allergic contact dermatitis caused by PR has been reported [ 10 ]. Therefore, we need to determine the concentration that causes dermatitis in order to effectively apply PR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Skin Whitening of Phenylethyl Resorcinol by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Kim

Choi

et al. 2017

Nanomaterials

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“…99‐93‐4), 4 phenylethyl resorcinol (CAS no. 99‐93‐4) 5 , 6 and resorcinol (CAS no. 108‐46‐3) 7 have been described in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis from resacetophenone (2′,4′‐dihydroxyacetophenone; CAS no. 89‐84‐9) in an antifungal nail preparation

et al. 2022

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“…Additional structural alerts can be included in the future to improve the diversity of the structural alert library. For example, methylcatechol, which has similar chemical functionality to the primary irritant urushiol in poison ivy, could flag risk of flavonoids-derived drug candidates and phenylethyl resorcinol, a cosmetic skin-lightener increasingly implicated in contact allergic dermatitis [ 58 , 59 ]. Acyl halides in drug metabolites could also suggest a toxicity risk of the precursor drugs [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning for Predicting Risk of Drug-Induced Autoimmune Diseases by Structural Alerts and Daily Dose

Zhu

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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An effective approach for assessing a drug’s potential to induce autoimmune diseases (ADs) is needed in drug development. Here, we aim to develop a workflow to examine the association between structural alerts and drugs-induced ADs to improve toxicological prescreening tools. Considering reactive metabolite (RM) formation as a well-documented mechanism for drug-induced ADs, we investigated whether the presence of certain RM-related structural alerts was predictive for the risk of drug-induced AD. We constructed a database containing 171 RM-related structural alerts, generated a dataset of 407 AD- and non-AD-associated drugs, and performed statistical analysis. The nitrogen-containing benzene substituent alerts were found to be significantly associated with the risk of drug-induced ADs (odds ratio = 2.95, p = 0.0036). Furthermore, we developed a machine-learning-based predictive model by using daily dose and nitrogen-containing benzene substituent alerts as the top inputs and achieved the predictive performance of area under curve (AUC) of 70%. Additionally, we confirmed the reactivity of the nitrogen-containing benzene substituent aniline and related metabolites using quantum chemistry analysis and explored the underlying mechanisms. These identified structural alerts could be helpful in identifying drug candidates that carry a potential risk of drug-induced ADs to improve their safety profiles.

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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylethyl resorcinol, a skin‐lightening agent contained in a sunscreen

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The Improvement of Skin Whitening of Phenylethyl Resorcinol by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

The Improvement of Skin Whitening of Phenylethyl Resorcinol by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Allergic contact dermatitis from resacetophenone (2′,4′‐dihydroxyacetophenone; CAS no. 89‐84‐9) in an antifungal nail preparation

Machine Learning for Predicting Risk of Drug-Induced Autoimmune Diseases by Structural Alerts and Daily Dose

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