Allergen quantitative risk assessment within food operations: Concepts towards development of practical guidance based on an ILSI Europe workshop

Remington, Benjamin C.; Baumert, Joseph L.; Blom, W. Marty; Bucchini, Luca; Buck, Neil; Crevel, René; Mooij, Fleur De; Flanagan, Simon; Hindley, James P.; Javed, Bushra; Stavropoulou, Despoina Angeliki; Dungen, Myrthe W. van den; Ravenhorst, Marjan van; Wang, Si; Walker, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108917

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, 25% of respondents reported using standard food sampling protocols for deciding the number of samples to analyze when conducting allergen testing. However, contrary to testing for microorganisms, standard sampling plans specifically developed for allergen testing are not available ( Yeung and Robert, 2018 ; Remington et al., 2022a ). The majority (90%) of respondents reported using internal sampling protocols, but this survey did not investigate how representative they may be.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen management under a voluntary PAL regulatory framework – A survey of Canadian food processors

Dominguez¹,

Théolier²,

Povolo³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen management under a voluntary PAL regulatory framework – A survey of Canadian food processors

Dominguez¹,

Théolier²,

Povolo³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…On a case by case basis, a specific exposure scenario to an allergenic food substance in the consumed final product may be calculated. Particulate, inhomogeneous, or intermittently occurring cross‐contact present particular sampling and analytical challenges (Remington et al., 2022). The impetus for globally harmonized allergen RA was augmented by three ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group summary reports in 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key factors for the detection and determination of an allergen in a food are the matrix, the wavelength of the laser beam, and the sample, whether as whole food or as an isolate. The detection limits of methods considered as viable must be capable of addressing concentrations below those calculated from minimum eliciting doses in food‐allergenic individuals (Mills et al., 2019) and typically ingested amounts of the relevant food (Birot et al., 2018), (Remington et al., 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food allergen analysis: A review of current gaps and the potential to fill them by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization

Birse,

Burns,

Walker

et al. 2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Food allergy remains a public health, business, and regulatory challenge. Risk analysis (RA) and risk management (RM) of food allergens are of great importance and analysis for food allergens is necessary for both. The current workhorse techniques for allergen analysis (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and real‐time polymerase chain reaction) exhibit recognized challenges including variable and antibody specific responses and detection of species DNA rather than allergen protein, respectively. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) enables protein identification, with potential for multiplex analysis and traceability to the System of International units (SI), aiding global measurement standardization. In this review, recent literature has been systematically reviewed to assess progress in LC–MS/MS and define the potential and benefits of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–time‐of‐flight MS (MALDI–ToF‐MS) technology for allergen analysis. MALDI–ToF‐MS of initially intact protein is already applied to verify in silico‐derived peptide sequences for LC–MS/MS analysis. We describe the origins of MALDI and its future perspectives, including affinity bead‐assisted assays coupled to MALDI. Based on the proliferation of reliable and reproducible MALDI‐based clinical applications, the technique should emulate the detection capability (sensitivity) of established allergen detection techniques, whilst reducing technical support and having equivalent multiplexing potential to competing techniques, for example, LC–MS/MS and ELISA. Although unlikely to offer inherent SI traceability, MALDI‐based allergen analysis will complement existing MS approaches for allergens. Affinity bead‐MALDI appears capable of higher throughput at lower cost per sample than almost any existing technique, enabling repeated sub‐sampling as a way to reduce representative sampling issues.

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“…Recently, progress has been made to standardise quantitative risk assessment processes and the use of PAL ( Remington et al, 2022 , WHO/FAO, 2021a , WHO/FAO, 2021b ). However, these advances depend on the availability of ‘comparable measurement results’ for the allergen content of food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food allergen analysis: Considerations for establishing a reference measurement system to implement EU legislation

et al. 2023

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Allergen quantitative risk assessment within food operations: Concepts towards development of practical guidance based on an ILSI Europe workshop

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Allergen management under a voluntary PAL regulatory framework – A survey of Canadian food processors

Allergen management under a voluntary PAL regulatory framework – A survey of Canadian food processors

Food allergen analysis: A review of current gaps and the potential to fill them by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization

Food allergen analysis: Considerations for establishing a reference measurement system to implement EU legislation

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