Allergen immunotherapy with nanoparticles containing lipopolysaccharide from Brucella ovis

Abstract

Background: Specific immunotherapy implies certain drawbacks which could be minimized by the use of good adjuvants, capable of amplifying the appropriate immune response with minimal adverse effects.Objective: To evaluate the adjuvant capacity of the association of the rough lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis with Gantrez ® AN nanoparticles.Methods: Ovalbumin (allergen model)-containing Gantrez ® AN nanoparticles with either encapsulated or coated lipopolysaccharide were prepared and administered intradermally to BALB/c mice in order to evaluate the immune response. Pre-sensitized BALB/c mice were also administered with the formulations and they were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin. Anaphylactic symptoms, including mortality rates, were evaluated after the challenge.

Carbohydrate modified ultrafine ceramic nanoparticles for allergen immunotherapy

“…IFN-γ and IL-4) for the OVA-alum group was negligible; further confirming the poor immunogenicity of OVA in the presence of alum. On the contrary, the aquasome groups produced significant levels of IFN-γ and IL-4; a cytokine profile consistent with a Th1 cellular immune response [21,22].…”

“…As it is well known, immunotherapy in humans should be based on the decrease of a Th2 response by enhancing the Th1 response, and this balance is achieved by increasing the activity of the Treg lymphocytes [7]. Treg cytokines (IL-10, TNF-α) play a key role in preventing IgE and Th2 expansion [22,23].…”

“…Anaphylactic symptoms (activity/lethargy, piloerection or ruffled or erect fur and cyanosis) were evaluated 30 min after the challenge and reaction severity was classified according to the categories depending on their gravity: (i) (−) absent; (ii) (+) weak; (iii) (3) moderate; and (iv) (+++) strong. Finally, the survival rate was recorded 24 h after intraperitoneal challenge as described in literature [21,22].…”

“…Histamine release test was performed on heparinized whole blood from the saphenous vein obtained before and 30 min after the challenge. Histamine release was assayed by a fluorometric method as previously described [22]. The body temperature changes associated with anaphylactic shock were monitored by measuring the rectal temperature without general anesthesia before and 10 min after the challenge.…”

Biomedical nanoparticles modulate specific CD4+T cell stimulation by inhibition of antigen processing in dendritic cells

“…These findings suggest that PVA-SPIONs possess an intrinsic capacity for immune-modulation and may potentially provide a form of tolerance induction by affecting DC function. There are several lines of evidence in the literature demonstrating that other types of nanoparticles may induce a degree of desirable immune-suppression: synthetic peptide dendrimers inhibited experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, allergen-loaded nanoparticles and dendrimers downregulated allergic reactions to environmental and food allergens, and a fullerene derivative polyhydroxy C60 prevented type I hypersensitivity reactions (Scholl et al 2004;Balenga et al 2006;Gomez et al 2007Gomez et al , 2008Wegmann et al 2008). Size, surface charge and coating may confer to a nanoparticle its intrinsic properties that may lead to immune-suppression.…”