Allergen homologs in the Euroglyphus maynei draft genome

Abstract

Euroglyphus maynei is a house dust mite commonly found in homes worldwide and is the source of allergens that sensitize and induce allergic reactions in humans. It is the source of species-specific allergens as well as allergens that are cross-reactive with the allergens from house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and the ectoparasitic scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The genomics, proteomics and molecular biology of E. maynei and its allergens have not been as extensively investigated as those of D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and S. scabiei where natural and recombinant allergens from these species have been characterized. Until now, little was known about the genome of E. maynei and it allergens but this information will be important for producing recombinant allergens for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and for understanding the allergic response mechanism by immune effector cells that mediate the allergic reaction. We sequenced and assembled the 59 Mb E. maynei genome to aid the identification of homologs for known allergenic proteins. The predicted proteome shared orthologs with D. farinae and S. scabiei, and included proteins with homology to more than 30 different groups of allergens. However, the majority of allergen candidates could not be assigned as clear orthologs to known mite allergens. The genomic sequence data, predicted proteome, and allergen homologs identified from E. maynei provide insight into the relationships among astigmatid mites and their allergens, which should allow for the development of improved diagnostics and immunotherapy.

A genome-wide screening for RNAi pathway proteins in Acari

“…Asterick (*) indicates species with fully annotated genomes whereas no Asterick indicates species with a partial annotated genomes. aFrom Cornman et al [83], bFrom Techer et al [84], cFrom Hoy et al [85], dFrom Dong et al [86], eFrom Miller et al [87], fFrom Grbić et al [88], gFrom Rider et al [89], hFrom Rider et al [90], iFrom Waldron et al [91].…”

Meeting the challenge of tick-borne disease control: A proposal for 1000 Ixodes genomes

“…The Ix1000G will provide a critical framework to support genome studies of other ticks, and mites, of medical importance, including members of the metastriate genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor that include multiple vector species. Moreover, genomes for several mite species of medical importance are already available Mofiz et al, 2016;Rider et al, 2017), including a recent genomic analysis of the scrub typhus vector Leptotrombidium deliense (Dong et al, 2018). These members of the Acari, with smaller nuclear genomes compared to hard tick species, will support genomic analyses while the more challenging reference assemblies and population genomic studies of wild Ixodes populations are in development.…”

Genomes of trombidid mites reveal novel predicted allergens and laterally-transferred genes associated with secondary metabolism

“…Although the propensity of chiggers to cause pruritic dermatitis is well recognised in humans and other animals [35-38], the identity of the allergens involved has not been established [110]. The L. deliense and D. tinctorium genomes were predicted to encode 37 and 33 groups of protein allergens, respectively; substantially more than other sequenced mites in the Acariformes with the exception of the dust mites, D. farinae [77] and E. maynei [111]. Since velvet mites rarely come into contact with humans, only the chigger allergens were subjected to further analysis.…”