Allelopathy of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo against the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea is mediated via allelochemicals and cell contact

Qiu, Xuchun; Yamasaki, Yasuhiro; Shimasaki, Yohei; Gunjikake, Hiroaki; Honda, Masato; Kawaguchi, Masato; Matsubara, Terutake; Nagasoe, Sou; Etoh, Takuya; Matsui, Shigeaki; Honjo, Tasuku; Oshima, Yuji

doi:10.3354/meps09476

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The importance of direct cell contact in the transmission of this compound also has been suggested in competition experiments between H. akashiwo and Akashiwo sanguinea (Qiu et al. ). The transfer of this allelopathic compound from H. akashiwo to other cells may be facilitated by the presence of acidic and sulfated carbohydrates contained within the extracellular polysaccharide structure surrounding the cell (Yokote et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effects of salinity on the cellular permeability and cytotoxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo

Ikeda

Cochlan

Bronicheski

et al. 2016

Journal of Phycology

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A laboratory study using the fish-killing raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo was conducted to examine its capability to grow at salinities below oceanic, and to test the perceived relationship between reduced salinities and increased cytotoxicity. A nonaxenic strain of H. akashiwo isolated from the U.S. Pacific Northwest was exposed to a combination of three salinity (32, 20, and 10) and five temperature (14.7°C, 18.4°C, 21.4°C, 24.4°C and 27.8°C) conditions. Our results demonstrate that cell permeability and cytotoxicity are strongly correlated in unialgal cultures of H. akashiwo, which both increased as salinity decreased from 32 to 10. Furthermore, over a broad median range of salinities (10 and 20), neither temperature nor specific growth rate was correlated with cytotoxicity. However, in cultures grown at the salinity of 32, both temperature and specific growth rate were inversely proportional to toxicity; this relationship was likely due to the effect of contamination by an unidentified species of Skeletonema in those cultures. The presence of Skeletonema sp. resulted in a cytotoxic response from H. akashiwo that was greater than the response caused by salinity alone. These laboratory results reveal the capability of H. akashiwo to become more toxic not only at reduced salinities but also in competition with another algal species. Changes in cell permeability in response to salinity may be an acclimation mechanism by which H. akashiwo is able to respond rapidly to different salinities. Furthermore, due to its strong positive correlation with cytotoxicity, cellular permeability is potentially associated with the ichthyotoxic pathway of this raphytophyte.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effects of salinity on the cellular permeability and cytotoxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo

Ikeda

Cochlan

Bronicheski

et al. 2016

Journal of Phycology

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“…A few studies of this dinoflagellate have been carried out and have shed light on some bloom dynamics. For example, the raphidophyte Chattonella antiqua and A. sanguinea inhibit each other's growth 30 ; the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo inhibits A. sanguinea via allelochemicals and direct cell contact to influence bloom formation 31 . Xiuning Du et al studied an A. sanguinea bloom along the central Oregon coast and made speculations that the algal seed came from the Washington coast where a massive bloom of A. sanguinea had been observed 32 ; and the potential impact on the environmental quality of estuarine water has also been investigated 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illumina sequencing-based analysis of free-living bacterial community dynamics during an Akashiwo sanguine bloom in Xiamen sea, China

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Although phytoplankton are the major source of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), their blooms are a global problem that can greatly affect marine ecological systems, especially free-living bacteria, which are the primary DOM degraders. In this study, we analyzed free-living bacterial communities from Xiamen sea during an Akashiwo sanguine bloom using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The bloom was probably stimulated by low salinity and ended after abatement of eutrophication pollution. A total of 658,446 sequence reads and 11,807 OTUs were obtained in both bloom and control samples with Alpha-proteobacteria and Gamma-proteobacteria being the predominant classes detected. The bloom decreased bacterial diversity, increased species evenness, and significantly changed the bacterial community structure. Bacterial communities within the bloom were more homogeneous than those within the control area. The bacteria stimulated by this bloom included the SAR86 and SAR116 clades and the AEGEAN-169 marine group, but a few were suppressed. In addition, many bacteria known to be associated with phytoplankton were detected only in the bloom samples. This study revealed the great influence of an A. sanguinea bloom on free-living bacterial communities, and provided new insights into the relationship between bacteria and A. sanguinea in marine ecosystems.

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“…It is particularly meaningful to compare the relative allelopathic activity among the four different C. geminatum culture fractions, which provided insight into the source and characteristics of the allelochemicals and relative contributions of the intra-and extracellular allelochemicals to the effects. The filtrate of C. geminatum displayed significant and stable inhibition effects on target species, while whole culture had increasing inhibition effects during the experimental period, suggesting cells of C. geminatum can produce and release allelochemicals to ambient medium continuously and allelopathic activity is independent of live C. geminatum cells (or cell contact); the allelochemicals can be effective at least in 72 h. Similarly, Qiu et al (2012) found that the inhibition effect of H. akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) on A. sanguinea was stronger in co-culture than filtrate. Obviously, the stability of allelochemicals was varying among different phytoplankton species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Allelopathic effects and mechanisms of Cochlodinium geminatum isolated from the Pearl River Estuary

et al. 2019

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The dinoflagellate Cochlodinium geminatum can form near-monospecific blooms which have occurred at the same location in the South China Sea repeatedly in the last decade. Here, we demonstrate the allelopathic effects of C. geminatum isolated from the bloom waters of the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea, in August 2011, which inhibited four of six co-occurring phytoplankton species tested. Inhibition increased with rising cell density and reached a maximum in the declining growth stage. Four different C. geminatum culture components negatively affected growth of Akashiwo sanguinea in order of decreasing percent inhibition: sonicated culture, filtrate of sonicated culture, whole-cell culture and filtrate of whole-cell culture. The highest inhibition was at 25°С and salinities of 30 PSU and light intensities of 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1. Overall, our study showed that C. geminatum could inhibit growth of phytoplankton competitors during succession of phytoplankton community, achieving nearly monospecific blooms, and the allelopathic effects were regulated by environmental factors.

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Allelopathy of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo against the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea is mediated via allelochemicals and cell contact

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

The effects of salinity on the cellular permeability and cytotoxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo

The effects of salinity on the cellular permeability and cytotoxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo

Illumina sequencing-based analysis of free-living bacterial community dynamics during an Akashiwo sanguine bloom in Xiamen sea, China

Allelopathic effects and mechanisms of Cochlodinium geminatum isolated from the Pearl River Estuary

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