Allelopathy in Northern Temperate and Boreal Semi-Natural Woodland

Pellissier, François; Souto, X. Carlos

doi:10.1080/07352689991309423

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A number of reports available in the literature indicate the inhibitory effects of the tree litter on the associated crops and herbs [1,3,7,18,21,23]. The decaying litter and residues from the trees, in general, are found to be rich in phytotoxic phenolics that interfere with the growth of associated plants [6,7,11,[14][15][16]23]. In the present study also, the fresh leaves, fresh and decaying litter and the soil from the P. deltoides fields was observed to have an appreciable amount of phenolics (Tab.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic interference of Populus deltoides with some winter season crops

2001

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-The performance of some winter season crops, namely Triticum aestivum, Lens culinaris, Phaseolus mungo, Avena sativa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus was studied in association with Populus deltoides under alley cropping practice in two sets of fields in Punjab, North India. In one, the parent soil was retained (S p ), while in the other, the parent soil was replaced with soil collected from an area devoid of P. deltoides trees (S r ). Germination, plant height and biomass of the crops at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) were reduced by 10 to 30% in both the P. deltoides fields compared to the ones without trees (S c ). The observed reduction was more pronounced in S p fields than in S r fields. Maximum reduction was observed in the case of B. juncea and least in T. alexandrinum. Germination and seedling growth of all the test crops except A. sativa and T. aestivum was found to be significantly reduced in response to the aqueous leachates of P. deltoides leaves. Likewise, the seedling length and dry weight of L. culinaris and T. aestivum were significantly reduced in litter amended soil. Litter and soil from P. deltoides fields were found to be rich in phytotoxic phenolics, the amount of which was more in S p fields compared to S r and control fields (S c ). Based on the study, the observed reductions could be attributed to the allelopathic interference of the tree with the crops through the release of phytotoxic phenolics from leaves and litter, which are continuously added to the soil. Dans l'un des groupes le sol d'origine a été conservé (S p ), tandis que dans l'autre il a été remplacé par un sol prélevé dans un endroit dépourvu de peupliers (S r ). La germination, la taille des plantes et la biomasse des cultures 30 et 60 jours après le semis ont été réduites de 10 à 30 % dans les deux groupes de champs comparativement aux champs sans peupliers (S c ). La réduction observée était plus forte dans les champs S p que dans les S r . La réduction maximum a eu lieu pour les cultures de B. juncea et, à un moindre degré, pour T. alexandrinum. Des filtrats aqueux de feuilles de P. deltoides ont réduit significativement la germination et la croissance des pousses de toutes les cultures testées, à l'exception de A. sativa et T. aestivum. De même, la longueur des pousses et le poids sec des cultures de L. culinaris et T. aestivum ont été significativement réduits dans le sol amendé par de la litière. Nous avons trouvé que la litière et le sol des champs de P. deltoides sont riches en substances phénoliques phytotoxiques ; les quantités sont plus importantes dans les champs S p que dans les S r et les témoins (S c ). Selon cette étude les réductions observées peuvent être attribuées à l'interfé-rence allélopathique du peuplier avec les cultures par l'intermédiaire de substances phénoliques phytotoxiques provenant des feuilles et de la litière, qui s'incorporent continuellement au sol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic interference of Populus deltoides with some winter season crops

2001

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“…This may be explained by differences in plant communities at the upper shelterwood field site, which has been highly invaded by Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) and is currently dominated by mature Juglans nigra (black walnut). Both garlic mustard and black walnut are allelopathic, releasing chemicals into the soil that inhibit the growth of other plants and microbial populations (43)(44)(45)(46). Mycorrhizal fungi are sensitive to allelopathic chemicals, and garlic mustard has been shown to directly inhibit growth of EM fungi (45,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Ectomycorrhizal Colonization of Transgenic American Chestnut with Those of the Wild Type, a Conventionally Bred Hybrid, and Related Fagaceae Species

D'Amico

Horton

Maynard

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bAmerican chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) dominated the eastern forests of North America, serving as a keystone species both ecologically and economically until the introduction of the chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica, functionally eradicated the species. Restoration efforts include genetic transformation utilizing genes such as oxalate oxidase to produce potentially blight-resistant chestnut trees that could be released back into the native range. However, before such a release can be undertaken, it is necessary to assess nontarget impacts. Since oxalate oxidase is meant to combat a fungal pathogen, we are particularly interested in potential impacts of this transgene on beneficial fungi. This study compares ectomycorrhizal fungal colonization on a transgenic American chestnut clone expressing enhanced blight resistance to a wild-type American chestnut, a conventionally bred American-Chinese hybrid chestnut, and other Fagaceae species. A greenhouse bioassay used soil from two field sites with different soil types and land use histories. The number of colonized root tips was counted, and fungal species were identified using morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and DNA sequencing. Results showed that total ectomycorrhizal colonization varied more by soil type than by tree species. Individual fungal species varied in their colonization rates, but there were no significant differences between colonization on transgenic and wild-type chestnuts. This study shows that the oxalate oxidase gene can increase resistance against Cryphonectria parasitica without changing the colonization rate for ectomycorrhizal species. These findings will be crucial for a potential deregulation of blight-resistant American chestnuts containing the oxalate oxidase gene. E xotic pests and pathogens in North American forests have become increasingly significant problems, resulting in economic and ecological losses (1-5). One of the most famous is the introduction of chestnut blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, that nearly brought the American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) to extinction (6). Prior to the blight, American chestnut dominated eastern U.S. hardwood forests, commonly comprising more than 25% and sometimes as much as 70% of the canopy (7,8). Following its removal as a top succession canopy species, many of the chestnut's former roles in the ecosystem were disrupted, resulting in both short-term effects and long-term impacts (2, 9).Chestnut was not only important ecologically but also played a significant role in the American economy. Fast growth and high tannin content made chestnut an asset to the lumber and leather industries (10). In addition to use in the leather industry, the high level of tannins in the wood and its resistance to water penetration due to extensive tylose formation (11) make it highly rot resistant and ideal for uses such as telephone poles, railway ties, and fencing (10, 12). American chestnut wood also was use...

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“…Abiotic and biotic stresses, such as temperature, soil moisture and pH, and the presence and abundance of pests, trigger the release of allelochemicals into the environment and influence their concentrations (Inderjit 2001). In addition, soil microbes transform allelochemicals through metabolic processes (Blum et al 1999;Pellissier and Souto 1999;Bhowmik and Inderjit 2003) and so affect the growth and distribution of crops and weeds alike. Crops with allelopathic traits capable of suppressing weeds may be directly intercropped, or included into crop rotations.…”

Section: Weed Suppression Via Belowground Mechanismsallelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%